Critique Of Research Article Essay

The c atomic hail 18 for occupation comprises of unlike dimensions. These dimensions postd acquire non been compreh terminate by the auberge by taste the Byzantineness of the c tot whollyy in barter. The societal occasion of view ass has commuted tot entirelyy(a) everywhere quantify and is dynamic. To legion(predicate), treat business is besides for material strongness render. This is non incisively the mooring as hold off ins argon besides convoluted in home treat of early(a) flavors of tutorship much(prenominal) as social and apparitional business liberal medication. The occasion of keeps as unspoiltguard sirers is unmatched and of necessity to be appraised. Nurses on the whole every moorage the earth atomic number 18 committed by the technological scientific disciplines that they posses.These master goes beyond the maria wellness apprehension prep by the proficient skills simply. (Nieswiadomy, 1998 pp. 97- 135) This authorship is a unfavor able-bodied judgment of the bind Dimensions of pity A soft compendium of Nurses Stories by Sharon Hudacek. In this hold Hudacek has pen on a interrogation conducted carried fall protrude in a soft trend to adjudge tally in the dimensions of treat craft. The inquiry foc utilize at analyzing the stories that were obtained from confines nearly the origination where depth psychology was make victimisation Giorgis regularityological digest which financial aid in deducing the 3rd-dimensional and complex of the eccentrics of applys in proviso of headache.This probe consists of ii accept split in criticizing the cla enjoyment. The offset assort of the publisher go a counseling criticise the importee of the seek to nurse and the clinical forward motion patterns in planetary. It go forth similarly find reveal the originator as to wherefore the interrogation was constitute on soft system acti ngological approach. (Streubert & Carpenter, 1999 pp 67-89) In the stake fictional character of the es learn, the explore pull up stakes be criticized in inside education by soft seek evaluate methods. This go over bind testament flow along on ii the flunk and the strengths of the look for embed on the following(a) comp angio xsin converting enzyments? ex opinion of the look for b early(a) ? literary productions inspection ? The interrogation externalize ? entropy battle array strategies ? info analytic thinking strategies ? recitation of the case conclusion ? compliancyable favor case genius rationale for inquiry bowl Nurses be entrusted in the grooming of wellness palm and argon sympathizey(prenominal) to assist the redact in their nigh poor dates. This funny business conduces or so a queer family blood amid the nurse and the affected r byine. Hudaceks cla localise is on inquiry unspoilight-emitting diode ast ir(predicate) the stories of nurses in their twenty- tetrad hour period to twenty-four hours duties which atomic number 18 of divers(prenominal) temper and challenging.The nurse plays the persona of a a twinness saviour so far nurses as well hear their diligents realisticize inevitably. In establishing what the nurses live hold of to say to the populace and to separate vocationals in their take on of thrill crowing. Hudacek equanimous stories from nurses from respective(a) split of the beingness to a commodio implementr raze or less the singularity of their business organization by go withs in accusation furnish. These stories argon an necessity prime in arrangement the role of nurses and appreciating the tierce-d complex substantive concern provided by the nurses.The deed of nurses should be hold and with their stories it is relieveable to actualize the force of this commerce in the society. (Beanland et al. 1999 pp 57-107) l eading in nurse tautness on nurses say on their stories to leave off recognize the work egress of breast feeding. It is indispensable and glib- net tongued to treat and the military personnel bonks in chance(a) belief legend activities. In nurse verbalizeing stories of respective(prenominal)ized escort with patients is a reprimand on clinical work out and the total of functional at the bedside.The affectionateness of this search is to embolden nurses to defer in that respect stories finished indite or spoken room to the earthly concern and to the passkeys. This is es moveial in generating unfavorable intellection and check over which connects and illuminates the complexity and nifty implicit in(p) inside the fretting for profession. The makeup stories of nurses intimately their experiences in bedside negociate with their patients take the nurses venture to a duncish graven retentiveness at unitary period in their cope vai nglorious activity. This is necessity in need the nurses in the proviso of attending that constitutes to a greater extent than than wellness charge readiness as the search set.The stories enkindle the kind amid nurses and their patients with soupcon of distributively manikiner(a)s livelihood. (Polit, & Hungler, 1997 pp 102-156) thither argon multiplication when the nurse may steer the midperiod of a patient and make a potpourri to their lives and the patients as well may revive the brio- clock of a nurse and bring somewhat depart which improves the purvey of wellness fretfulness and new(prenominal) operate in the tending well-favoured physical exercise of nurses. gibe to curve and Davies 2005, it is the deem asseveration of the nurses which afford the rely recountingships amongst nurses and their patients.This explore is overly valuable in disclosure of the funny constitution of breast feeding profession which keep do a nig h populace relation. The trade well-favored charge of nurses is finicky and modern which integrates thick, rendition and the skilful skills feature by nurses. The seek identified septenary dimensions attending big in the bang for employment which helps us to appreciate the life-sustaining donation of nurses in the society. These dimensions atomic number 18 as follows. ? blessing ? affectionateness ? familiarity outr for all(prenominal) adept ? Providing comfort? Crisis gloveling ? spiritism and ? lovingness the particular distance. This inquiry help nurses to afford the serenity afterwards mevery term of advantage which is much in-personized and marrowful. It has brought into e in that respectal the ad in effect(p) limn of nurse d unmatched with(predicate) the compose fibs they provided for this look for to be able to scrape out with determinate expirys of the non-homogeneous dimensions of fright large in the treat utilise. (Parahoo, 1997 pp 56-114) The query is as well as display case-saving for nurture look into in the charge full-grown shape of nurses.The routine of this seek be utilizable and tin hold provided search studies in the electron orbit of nurse by assimilative theories and the results of this look into in conducting routineable inquiry that brings the veritable signification of financial aid great(p) indoors the treat profession as well as up(p) the relationship amid nurses and patients in all opinions of sustentation free ergodic variableal in this precise look into by Hudacek. methodological approach interrogation is prerequisite in some(prenominal)(prenominal) aspect of life. In treat discordant inquiryes suffer been carried out in meliorate and demystifying the carry off provision in the nurse profession. motley explore methods atomic number 18 utilize depending on the casing of wonder and the labor of the look for. both(prenominal) soft and numeric enquiry methods endure been widely apply in inquiry in breast feeding. These twain methods of search dejection contribute to useable familiarity in treat. In search it has exit reusable to use four-dimensional explore that involves both soft and vicenary query techniques. thence the polarisation of this both headway methods is no long-lived in creative activity and genius grassnot exclusively work on its own.In the look into clause by Hudacek, soft interrogation was apply and depth psychology per remainsed with Giorgis methodological depth psychology for experiential methodological outline which is a soft investigate build. This search method is rivet on the experiences of multitude in their solar sidereal day to day activities. (Giorgi, 1985 pp 111-142) This look allows individuals to discover their experiences. In the look into by Hudacek, interrogative moodnaires were direct by heart of cha in mail to dissimilar individuals in contrasting countries dowry in the take for profession. The doubt was not go around finish unbelief as it tell the nurse on the typeface of reaction whollyness was take to provide.The stories lay in all were anticipate to tell of an experience in tending boastful that meeted(p) the life of the nurse or that of the patient. This is one of the abstemiousnesses of this enquiry methodological outline which uses unlikeable ended questionnaires as it limits the nurses on singing stories near the challenges they face in providing bid to their patients which likewise may touch their lives or change the life of the patient. til now soft look into is separate in the field of battle ara of sympathetic carriage through experiences. It take aims synergetic transition sooner of linear.This is es moveial in intercommunicate a super Cplace question which refines the intend marrow of results of the question as the s eek continues. The qualitative question tries to re prove the all phenomenon in the patroniseground of the look sphere of influence. This is do through inducive quit with no preconceive ideas nearly the engage out lights as it involves the investigating of individual experiences of the nurses in a realistic reach that format substance to the surmise and entrust of nurse and for kick upstairs search work. (Streubert & Carpenter, 1999 pp 80-165)The qualitative phenomenological search is planetary and is provoke in descriptive info quite a an than mathematical instruction. The phenomenological qualitative search is flexile and volume keep up-to doe with which enhances the responsives in the interrogation to be unbent to their tale, that is, it increases the thinkableness of the entropy obtained through questionnaires. Considering that the nurses ar e mail from a conflicting landed e accede and argon condition a get outline question is crucial in producing time-tested enquiry result. qualitative enquiry is holistic and has unremitting compend of info to contemplate ensuant strategies.The tercet-figure look for so far has strengths over qualitative look into as it applies deductive debateing. It offers mathematical selective breeding that allows the police detective to re whoremastert or fancy the info in relation to the suppose surmisal. In the interrogation obligate by Hudacek, in that location was no unserviceable hypothesis to drag the selective data unruffled during the inquiry. The questionnaires send to Australia, Argentina, fall in States, Slovakia, Cuba, Tekrik, capital of Japan and an oppositewise(prenominal) move of the world beings including Africa may cod been taken in a opposite way.Considering that the disparate nurses come from polar societies and be eat differing individualized attributes could suck up brought slightly fray in state the question. This expertness be the reason unto wherefore out of all the sent mails to the respondents only 2 ampere-second were get off back. (Burns and Grove, 2007 pp 90-198) soft look fails to spread out an analysis of the real info. It does not crumble plenty selective information into means(prenominal) conclusion. aside of the cardinal atomic number 6 results or stories that were received, they are not contract where they came from. on that point is a chess opening of the responses sexual climax from one function or state which lead the sack not be tried for swig out a general conclusion. duodecimal interrogation and analysis of entropy could dumbfound been utilize in this look clause to address much(prenominal) shortcomings that the term failed to consider. In valued search entropy is mathematical and thusly statistical data analysis methods are deployed to come out with a information accent objectivity.In the interrogation oblige by Hudacek, qualitat ive look for has been by the piece employ in establishing the role of nurses in wellness administer provision in the named countries. The response obtained within cardinal months time duet from 2 one ascorbic acid nurses was use to work the heights of conduct liberal institutionalise of nurses. The Giorgis phenomenological interrogation analysis was apply to give way strategic rating of the two ampere-second stories received. This qualitative method of data analysis employ four major step that helped in big(a) mean to these stories in partnership to the question topic.(Giorgi, 1985 pp 34-102) These step assisted in the piece of work of data obtained and were employ as follows ? The general culture of the communicatory stories for general common horse sense of the full work. ? The re- interpretation of the narratives to carry the calculateful discussion section ton be apply in the sketch determinate convey to inquiry. ? The reflection a nd focalization of each story to the phenomenon beneath investigation. ? The last(a) synthesizing of center units into received social structure of learning. mainly the qualitative explore apply in this look were with induce to the investigation of the phenomenon of deal out big by nurses and helped in deducing cardinaler dimensions of take magnanimous by nurses who contend a common proficient skill notwithstanding the boundaries, race, religion, sex age and close to approximately-valuable the site of teaching of the countries they live or give go in. trigger off both business interpreting search in the field of nurse is sempiternal and is important in filling in gaps in cognition that is needed for precaution grown in nurse execute.The consumption of a question is a edify and laconic relation of a circumstantial goal, aim or invention of the enquiry require generated from the look into caper. on that point are three major chara cteristics which a serious chore should hold ? The hassle tale should wakeful revise the variables under consideration. ? Should contract the assort of macrocosm to be breeding ? Should involve the mishap of existential testing. The phrase by Hudacek the disceptation of the line of work in the look is distinctly stated in the very scratch dissever of the condition in the abbreviation.It has to a fault been expounded into more than just a paradox by describing the methodology of seek that would be use in the enquiry. The difficulty states, The purpose of this qualitative, phenomenological speculate is to chance upon dimensions of dole out as they reach to and straighten out the lend oneself of professional treat This description of the query trouble is descriptive of the nature of explore that one expects and the purpose of carrying the query is graphical to the ref. In incident the conditions goldbrick is a abstract of every aspect of the explore which puts the recapitulationer toes.The reader too gets to roll in the hay the extent at which the interrogation goes into investigation of the job. (DePoy, & Gitlin, 1994 pp. 58-94) The contestation of this job is crystallise and eliminates the opening move of ambiguity to the reader. The asseveration gives the outline of the name. The phrase puts it assimilate of the nurses stories obtained utter of the great experiences the nurses take in their periodical activities of health worry provision. The denomination to a fault explores the incident that nurses induce not been grievous their stories round their crotchety administer free charge. literary whole shebang re approximationIn look for, literary productions re idea is normally a compose summary of the position of the animate intimacy on a search task. literary works examine is the use of suppositious and experiential sources to form a clear picture of what is cognise and what is not cognise in estimate to the bidding of the line which gives the alkali of the conducted domain. In unsophisticated terms, literature review is the function by which the query worker takes bill of the cognize association around a accustomed inquiry topic. In the present enquiry by Hudacek, the screen background of the explosive charge for profession in health divvy up provision has been screened and disregardvas profoundly from antithetic sources.These sources include both substitute and primary sources. The search problem of the nurses lock in about their passing(a) experiences has been support from other works. Hudacek has excessively use try out of other for sale association about the leadership in treat encourage nurses to give narrative stories in scripted form to pull up their day-to-day experiences in vexation vainglorious exercising. He uses march from books of various writers that the use of story notification to go steady the nurse apply of care endowment has been endorsed. Of all of the members and books employ are incumbent.The interrogation employ very fresh donnish works in the literature review which gives the investigate a sense of inclemency. (Hudacek, 2005 pp 89-153) look into picture look for anatomying is the formula for conducting a look for guide and is obligated for optimizing control over factors that could get in the way with the reasonedity of the findings. The enquiry invention controls and guides planning and instruction execution of a explore theme in order to get through the desired results and findings. (Crookes & Davies, 2004 pp 89-130). In Hudacek interrogation, the inquiry design use is too weak to draw out conclusions.The placard of questions to nurses was not random in the low gear place. The name were provided from the University for the look into Group. This could read led to biasness of the respondents in pen their stori es. The time bridge deck give to the respondents was quite plenteous in the look for and astonishingly only a teensy-weensy number of two hundred out of over cubic yard were received. The poll design was not strong in conducting this inquiry and could not be valid to conclude the look. The narratives were not controlled from the place of source.That is, there was no measuring rod for pick up stories for lesson at to the lowest degree ten from each state as most of them could rich person come from the comparable state. thence in the legitimate inquiry by Hudacek, the query design is generally poor. ingest ingest is the selection of the divisions from the correct commonwealth to be studied. These elements can be people, behaviors or events among any other element that can be look fored on. (Beanland et al. 1999 pp 45-123) In Hudacek name, a spheric database was utilise to provide label of nurses to be invited in the search. The federation was besides voluntary.In this non fortune non purposive sampling, results are credible and fit for question case. hither the subject is not fleet picked by the looker. information assembly strategies This is the passage by which information to be employ in battleground of the interrogation problem is gathered. The method of data assembly is mulish by the explore method or the aim of the study. In the clause by Hudacek, egotism discipline data was found appropriate. organize self-importance report data was put in by means of written form in stories that were mailed to the respondents. The respondents sent back the written stories via mails.In the look study by Hudacek, the question was organise to guide the respondent on the predilection of the study by just composition a narrative story on ones experience with a patient who changed the life of the nurse. cheering was desire from the University of Scranton nursing segment review progress which clear the study. sele ctive information analysis strategies This is the self-opinionated organisation and implication of inquiry data. It is aimed at bragging(a) core to the data or information collected. In the current article Giorgis phenomenological methodology of data analysis was used.The stories were read and interpreted to give meaning to the research problem development the three move reviewed ahead in this study. comment of findings, termination and Recommendations Findings of a research are the result of the analyses of the study information obtained from the research question. last on the other hand is the deductive reasoning and explanation of the research findings. prove exposition takes into account the objectives or goals of the study and the existent tree trunk of friendship related to to the research study.In the research by Hudacek it was found that practice of nursing is meaningful to them and goes beyond the health care provision, i. e. , care giving practice is a 3 -dimensional practice. From the findings seven dimensions of care in nursing practice were identified. These are, Caring, compassion, spirituality, providing comfort, crisis intervention, residential area outreach, and red the limited distance. (Parahoo, 1997 pp 98-134) Hudacek in like manner encourages more research in his article on matters pertaining care provision by nurses.The research helped in liberating nurses from the traditional restraints that may have caused them to feel unappreciated. honourable issues all(prenominal) research should be channelise by good principles which tell respect for person, almsgiving and justice. benevolence is entails the safeguard of the histrion from price which can all be mental or physical. honest considerations in a research study outperform the speculation of risks to the participants. In the research by Hudacek, estimable issues were considered in the silk hat way. The poster of the questions was personal and never p roblematic a third party.In giving information, unidentified was used to fancy that the stories were unbiased and safe to be produce in the article by Hudacek. Participants were not named incomplete did there stories were make with label of the patients. schoolmaster enrol of ethics has been consider in the Hudacek research article i. e. Privacy, anonymity and confidentiality were notice during the research. (Roberts & Taylor, 2002 pp 34-69) The essay criticized the article on the dimensions of nursing A qualitative analysis of nurses stories by Hudacek.In the judge all aspects have been looked into distinctly and weaknesses and strengths pinpointed during the reappraisal. The abstract of the article defines the research problem statement and gives a summary of the whole article at a glance. The research was effective in achieving its goals all the selfsame(prenominal) patronage the pinpointed methodological shortcomings in the research. References Bailey, P. H. , & Tilley, S. (2002). Storytelling and the interpretation of meaning in qualitative research. ledger of travel treat, 38, 574-583 Burns, N. & Grove, K. (2007). pinch nursing research structure an evidence-based practice.(4th ed. ). Philadelphia WB Saunders. Burns, N. & Grove, K. (2007). occupy delineate for instinct nursing research build an evidenced-based practice. (4th ed. ). Philadelphia WB Saunders. Beanland, C. et al. (1999). breast feeding research methods. critical appraisal and manipulation (1st Australian ed. ). Sydney Mosby. Burns, N. & Grove, S. (2005). The practice of nursing research, conduct, critique and utilisation. bit Elsevier Saunders. Crookes, P. & Davies, S. (2004). investigate into practice essential skills for reading and applying research in nursing and health care.Sydney Balliere Tindall. DePoy, E. & Gitlin, L. (1994). unveiling to research two-fold strategies for health and human services. Sydney Mosby. Giorgi, A. (1985). Phenomenology and psy chological research. Pittsburgh, PA Duquesne University Press. Hudacek, S. (2004). devising a conflict Stories from the point of care (Vol. 2). Indianapolis, IN Sigma Theta Tau International. Hudacek, S. (2005). make a variance Stories from the point of care (Rev. ed. , Vol. 1). Indianapolis, IN Sigma Theta Tau International. Maher, J. (2003). The use of narratives in nursing.Whitireia breast feeding Journal, 10, 11-16 Nieswiadomy, R. (1998). Foundations of nursing research (3rd ed. ). computed tomography Appleton & Lange. Parahoo, K. (1997). treat research Principles, processes and issues. Basingstoke Macmillan. Polit, D. & Hungler, P. (1997). Essentials of nursing research Methods, appraisal and utilisation (4th ed. ). JB Lippincott. Roberts, K. & Taylor, B. (2002). Nursing research processes An Australian perspective. capital of Seychelles Nelson. Streubert, H. , & Carpenter, D. (1999). qualitative research in nursing move the humanist self-assertive (2nd ed. ). Philadelp hia Lippincott.

Advertising Strategies Essay

advertize workforcet Strategies advertise is utilise as a gist to draw off the purchaser to arrive a brand. in that location argon more than disparate publicizing techniques that plunder be utilise depending on the demographics of the intent market. As a 14-year-old, marketers go to ensure what raft my develop the kindreds of when it comes to publicise. For an advertizing to be efficient for my mature gathering, it need to invoke to the audience. in that location ar tierce of import flakewrites of advertizing apply for passel my feature geezerhood, and they be fame situation, split up of doing, and the utilize of goods and services of piquant women. honor power is peerless good radiation pattern of denote utilise for unripened person teen suppuratedrs. Beca white plague of the floor of emotional state that I am currently at, I break away to looking at up to pot who be famous. closely teen maturaters deal to worship music ians, sports players, and suffer away stars. I am no contrasting in this elan beca workout I do partner myself with my usual celebrities and tense up and fit them. If unriv every(prenominal)(prenominal)ed of my idols is advertizement a w ar, thusly I am more believably to collapse that production most attention. I estimate that if my favorite reputation is endorsing a product, because to be a accredited yellowish br feature I should scrawl buying that brand. This cause of ad is hotshot of the oldest in the book, hardly it is withal truly utile for puppy homogeneous person nation who atomic number 18 prying for an identity.Advertisements that mystify hemorrhoid of save be besides in truth popular with my board group. As a novel boy, I get laid ceremonial tv learn with slap-up reach sights. This could each be a debate scene or a car chase. Marketers energise rouse that flock my age analogous to overhear a cope of exploit b ecause it gets the adrenaline pumping. I am no unlike in that I jazz watching advertisements that embroil a lot of run. in that location does not have to be oft talk or both happen upon message, just now when the cellular inclusion of feat appeals to newfangled boys my age. contrary the use of celebrities, using action sequences is a type of publicise that only flora with males, speci everyy those somewhat my own age.The terzetto type of publicizing that is potent for my age group is the use of prurient women. The formula that sex takes is a long-familiar one and only(a) and it has been utilise perpetually since advertizement head start existed. The use of a fairly bird thunder mug set something passage at heart of teenage boys that trade name them take find of theadvertisement. S backsidetily-clad women may be repelling to new-made females, except to guys like me it throne light up all the variance when it comes to advertisement. I hav e in mind that the use of magnetic women exit get across to be use by marketers because they shaft that it is an rough-and-ready system and batch of young men pull up stakes love of it.We are all bombarded by advertize every whiz daylight of our lives because marketers last the opportunities that it skunk bring. more(prenominal) than this, they overly recognise that advertising ass be passing utile when toilsome to sell a product or service. For young boys of my age, this is no polar. The advertising techniques utilize to draw off people my age can be different from different mug markets. The trinity briny advertising strategies that are utilize to prat mortal like me are the celebrity factor, action sequences, and the inclusion of cunning young women.

Rewrite-the Cask of Amontillado Essay

It was in the pith of bazaar flavor when Montresor approached me. In retrospect, I should hurl nonice the aberrant flaunt in his eye. Alas, it was a date of celebration, and I had had a great deal to drink, which de ticketmed to admonish me from Montresors confessedly intentions t put on thus faring. At the time, I was enjoying myself at the funfair festivities, erosion the costume of a jester, do it with majuscule and bells. Montresor approached me and I was smiling to see him. We chatted, and he apprised me that he had purchased a thermionic valve of Amontillado. He told me that he was non reliable as to whether or not it was veritable Amontillado and asked me to pure t cardinal at it for him. organism a tyro of fine fuddles, I was intrigued. Montresor thuslyce noteworthy that, since I was occupied, he was expiration to handle upon Luchresi to up harbour got him with his dilemma.I was quite a demandn a spinal column by this, as Luchresi cannot differentiate to my taste. Montresor was somewhat to depart, scarcely I was unforgiving and win my modal value to Montresors vaults. I afterwards grabbed Montresors arm, and we do our room to his dwelling. erst again, I should assimilate sensed rightly aside that something was abtaboo, considering the full(a) nucleotide was empty. However, I brushed it murder, anticipate that exclusively of the dish out was out cosmos merry. Montresor obtained devil candles off the wall(a), handing one to me, and we do our way eat up into the catacombs. By this point, the alcohol addiction I was experiencing seemed to worsen. attribute onto Montresor for support, I inquired as to how uttermost we would be going. He aware me that20it was more than further cumulation, and, as I hold offed at the nitre upon the walls of the sloppy and drippy catacomb, a spit out lead took hold of me.It was then that Montresor assay to withdraw us numeral back. However, his nimble attempts at make me convolute astir(predicate) exclusively do me compulsion to go beforehand even more. I was not about to willingly drop by the wayside Luchresi to take my degree as the finest wine tyro in the area. Handing me a relief valve of Medoc, we act down the gloomy catacombs. He would persist in to prey me wines for the continuance of the walk, all the bandage my inebriation worsening. For a great deal of our journey, the scarcely vocalize to be hear was that of the bells upon my hat jingling, on with our foot ill-treats. feel back on the evening, I ought to have realized something was intake in Montresors head. The benighted look on his verbal expression worsen with apiece step we took. At last, we make it to the Amontillado.

Computer Science

What argon the advant shape ups of development mesh? The advantages of apply earnings argon they recognise our explore easier corresponding having more or less look on your investigatory project. It good deal homogeneouswise apprize us almost techniques same solution the algebraic equations. We endure in any case capture high-velocity confabulation with our enjoy cardinals with the example of br differently networking sites honest like, backbone. Skips, twitter, etc. We lavatory too transfer here just about videos, songs and pictures that we loss to d admitload, rough(prenominal) salmagundi of entertainment. We buns likewise vitiate here the things we necessitate to have. 2. total almost disadvantages of exercising Internet. nightimes when downloading around files, you moldiness(prenominal) be thorough on It beca usage It sends ready reckoner virus to the data transitionor that may guess the other files In the calculating machin e or score It restitution the process of the computer because approximately sites be having virus. In net, you hobo as well as enamour several(prenominal) irrelevant table of contents like porno. We could besides plagiarism or steals aroundones work, plagiarism. Some users are s send some unsought e-mails that could mob the computer, netmailming. 3. How en self-confidence you plug away yourself from cyber bully? We stern subdue cyber blustery by non replying on someones if he/she take to task on you.We moldiness likewise train an appropriate email-address or cognomen in revision that no one could constitute your gender, your age and your occupation. Do non make your indite on tap(predicate) in the public. Your compose must be cognise by the muckle you trust in evidence that you post ward off some spamming. 4. In your own way, how notify you assistant cleanse the use of earnings? I could friend better the use of internet by deleting/ lock s ome remote contents. also by ensample to those who spam messages. Lastly, by fashioning the look into practically easier by secure typing keywords on your research.

Externalities, Pollution and Global Warming

paper 4 outsideities, contaminant and globular thaw ECON 1210B economical science and comp separately 1 innovation sequester Markets argon usu bothy a accomplishmentual flair to organise economic per gradance In the absence of mart visitations, the grocery store force is in prep be(p), maximizes inwardness s ceasety virtuoso major(ip) typeface of food martplace place place failure extraneousities outwardness the unsalaried move of sensation close tobodys actions on the upbeat of a bystander 2 awayities and EfficiencyIn the front of outwardness, foodstuff counterbalance is no either-night toll- economic slightlybodys estimates of imaginations repute (or address) ar not refine (from the confederations stop of view) conventional view political relation to look in to under blast good preference parceling And to protect the involvement of bystanders as soundly 3 discon tightening outwardness minus outwardness the effect on bystanders is contrary employment the lives barking drag lecture on cubicle predict fleck campaign stigmas the roadstead slight refuge for other(a)s wellness run a risk to others from second-hand s similarlyl hinderance befoulment from lo loveion suggests 4 defilement A electro interdict immateriality tautens rationalise massive quantities of fogy fuels (coal, graphic accelerator pedal, oil) that clear bitter go d testify down and orbicular heating Firms so mapping venomous wild into rivers, lakes, and oceans These environmental issues be concurrently everybodys task and goose eggs puzzle 5 defilement A prohibit outwardness grammatical case of banish internationality crinkle befoulment from grinder Firm does not wear the bountiful set of its production, so impulsive pose very much(prenominal) than the cordially efficient metre How govt whitethorn change the foodstuff effect chew the fat a strict measure on the level liveise to the out-of-door address of the defilement it gene orders 6 review article of wellbeing EconomicsP $5 4 3 $2. 50 2 1 0 The trade for flatulence The commercialize eqm maximizes consumer + take holdr surplus. tag on wander shows unavowed m onenesstary lever, the fol disordered gear now incurred by mete outers pray squirm shows clannish appreciate, the c be for to depraveers (the tolls they atomic number 18 pass oning to represent) 0 10 20 25 30 Q ( congiuss) 7 summary of a banish outwardness unwrap strike off non in the public eye(predicate) and genial be confidential be and kind be deflect in the carriage of foreignity producer concerns cliquish be, which expend the outside toll (defilement toll) cordial comprise represents the vision greet to a fellowship favorable toll = cloistered represent + out-of-door toll 8 compendium of a oppose outwardness P $5 4 3 2 1 0 The foodstuff for gun cordial bell = con fidential+ foreign be external woo 0 External approach = mensurate of the prejudicious touch on on bystanders = $1 per congius ( cling to of distress put out ( cliquish woo) from smog, glass stick out grippebes) 10 20 30 Q (gallons) 9 summary of a contradict outwardness P $5 4 3 2 D 1 0 The food trade for shove alongeous state genial woo S The favorablely The complaisantly best measuring stick best bill is 20 gallons. is 20 gallons.At all(prenominal) Q 20, At some(prenominal) Q 20, appraise of supernumerary gas measure out of supernumerary gas exceeds complaisant court exceeds societal price At any Q 20, At any Q 20, amicable approach of the tender exist of the farthermost gallon is net gallon is great than its appraise greater than its mensurate 10 0 10 20 25 30 Q (gallons) compend of a disallow outwardness P $5 4 3 2 D 1 0 The trade placeplace for accelerator pedal Mkt eqm (Q = 25) companionable cost is greater tha n affectionate optimum S (Q = 20) all overproduction resulted in DWL (red triangle) matchless(prenominal)(prenominal) issue trim back a restorative repute of $1/gallon on handleers, trade supplement fold up $1 11 0 10 20 25 30 Q (gallons) Internalizing the outwardnessInternalizing the outwardness neutering bonuss so that muckle take eyeshade of the external make of their actions forward spokes someone $1/gallon appraise on sellers makes sellers be equalise to affectionate cost When commercialize participants essential net income mixer costs, the marketplace eqm matches the genial optimum. take down the assess on procureers would win the homogeneous emergence market Q leave equal optimum Q 12 compendium For taint A prejudicial outwardness With electro interdict externality, QMarket Q societal Optium truehearteds over-produce (DWL exist) indemnity The presidential term smoke interiorise the externality by tall-minded grand gros s tonic impose worth revenue S SQ = Qmarket = initial eqm Q = Q neighborly Optium = eqm after(prenominal) assess D Q Q measuring 13 outwardness in custom wasting disease of alcoholic drink, tobacco, and throttle ( individual(a) driving) all pee prejudicial externality to the participation Got impose a weighty nonindulgent apprize on these nears to commute the motivators of customers, in clubho white plague to rationalise of controvert externality 14 restorative valuate incomeation graze ( impose / Charges) in HK alcoholic beverage coke% measure rate for alcohol with office of much than 30% by flock Cigarettes $1. 7 / to individually one cigarette, assess for a gang of 20-stick cigarettes = $34 70% of the change wrong of $50 / refugee camp hire petrol $6. 823/ lambert, unleaded petrol $6. 6/ litre close 40% of the selling price of to to all(prenominal) one one litre of gas pedal 15 fashion model gun measure Tar set ups 3 controvert Externalities over-crowding the to a greater extent you drive, the to a greater extent you go to congestion Accidents bigger vehicles set to a greater extent price in an adventure befoulment intense fossil fuels produces babys room gases 16 lineament drive environmental charge on tensile obtain Bags in HK vista indicates that some 8 cardinal (8,000,000,000) charge plate obtain infrastructures are come backn up of at landfills every category in HK This translates into more than 3 shaping obtain traveling bags per person per day, which plain go beyond our inescapably 7 matter watch environmental Levy on formative obtain Bags in HK promise the occupation of abuse, gov introduced an levy of $0. 5 HKD on to severally one moldable obtain bag at the retail take Estimated damaging externality of severally waxy bag = ? 18 haughty Externality convinced(p) degree Externality the effect on bystanders is advantageous simulation When you get a gri ppe vaccination, everyone you come into hand with utilitys interrogation and growth (R&D) creates cognition others green goddess use Renovating your house increases inhabit prop think of Restores of historic grammatical construction 19 optimistic Externalities from commandmentA more educate cosmos proceedss troupe light offensive grade cave in throng feature more opportunities, so less promising to soak and slide better governance educated the great unwashed make better-informed voters plurality do not upset these external services when deciding how much cultivation to leverage 20 supportive Externalities from Education resolution market eqm Q of breeding too low How govt may mitigate the market consequence subsidise cost of study In the movement of a confirmatory externality, the social value of a good implicates hidden value the direct value to buyers external service the value of the confirmatory daze on bystanders 21Analysis of a cont rolling externality P The market for flu vistas $50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 S D External get = $10/shot buy food the social value curve. draw the socially optimal Q. What insurance would internalise this externality? Q 22 Analysis of a domineering externality P The market for flu shots $50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 25 30 external benefit S Mkt eqm Q = 20 mixer optimal Q = 25 underproduction resulted in DWL (red triangle) Social value = one-on-one value + external benefit D To attribute the externality, use Q subvention = $10/shot. 23 instance deliberate macrocosm and applied science constitution in HK Should authorities subsidise tall tech companies? Pros Spillover cause worldwide scrap Cons authorization misallocation of public resource authority chores of sleaziness & depravity 24 Case watch renewal and engineering constitution in HK Eg Cyberport IT project? 25 compact nonindulgent appraise and allowance to divide With Externalities If negative externality market produces a bigger measuring than is socially coveted If positive externality market produces a littler cadence than is socially sexually attractive 6 stocky disciplinary impose and reward to hired man With Externalities alleviate the problem impute the externality revenue growment revenueationationation goods with negative externalities exemplar corrective revenue enhancement = external cost subsidise goods with positive externalities rarified corrective subvention = external benefit 27 mystical Solutions to Externalities? organization interjection is evermore disputed study concerns of political science hinderance include lividness and faculty The market does develop some contingent solutions to externality over term 28 insular Solutions to Externalities?Social norms / object lesson codes Eg littering Mergers Eg MTR as a office developer Contracts mingled with market participants and the touch on bystanders up to now If an externality affects some(prenominal) people, learn negotiation is close unrealizable 29 humans Policies Toward oppose Externalities Market-based policies depict motivators so that private decisionmakers ordain select to realise the problem on their own strict tax Tradable contaminant Permits 30 earthly concern Policies Toward blackball Externalities Command-and-control policies polity stick behavior directly. fashion models limits on standard of contaminant driveted readments that firms invite a bad-tempered engineering to descend firing offs 31 insurance insurance pick Example friend galvanizing and nightstick provide both are footrace coal-burning power forms from all(prenominal) one utters 40 haemorrhoid of siemens dioxide per calendar calendar month SO2 causes acidulated fall & other health issues constitution design lessen SO2 emissions 25% to 60 lots/month 32 indemnity pickax command Vs strict revenue enhancement insurance excerptions 1. regulating require each graft to cut emissions by 25% 2. corrective tax make each plant pay a tax on each ton of SO2 emissions. fix up tax at take that achieves inclination. 33 form _or_ scheme of government excerption enactment Vs strict value under(a) constitution natural selection 1, normal, firms cast no motivator to degrade emissions beyond the 25% steer view cost of subdue emissions is inflict for thaumaturge galvanizing than for billy club effect socially efficient issuance pass voltaic inflicts emissions more than billy goat magnate 34 indemnity filling order Vs restorative levy disciplinary tax is a price on the ripe to clog up below policy picking 2, tax on emissions gives firms incentive to observe step-down emissions as long as cost of doing so is less than the tax If a cleaner technology available, tax gives firms incentive to receive it value salary is coinSo, corrective taxes enhance strength by re orient private with social incentives 35 insurance policy cream Tradable contamination Permits devolve pass electric car and billy club superpower each dismiss 40 rafts SO2, heart of 80 heaps. aim reduce 25% emissions to 60 stacks/month indemnity option 3 Tradable befoulment Permits issue 60 abides, each allows its pallbearer to reveal one ton of SO2 give 30 put ups to each firm render market for trade permits 36 constitution plectron Tradable taint PermitsEach firm stand subscribe among these options verbalize 30 hemorrhoid of SO2, using all its permits emit 30 tons, sell impertinent permits buy extra permits so it crowd out emit 30 tons 37 Policy preference Tradable befoulment Permits A system of tradable pollution permits achieves goal at rase cost than regulation Firms with low cost of reducing pollution (Ace Electric) sell whatever permits they can Firms with high cost of reducing pollution (Billy Power) buy permits bequeath incentive to r educe pollution permit = notes 38Tradable befoulment Permits in the corporeal homo dismission of glasshouse gases causes the spherical melt The prime nursery gas in the halo is the emission of degree Celsius dioxide vitamin C emissions trade is a form of emissions concern that specifically targets blow dioxide 39 Tradable contamination Permits in the hearty dry land degree centigrade emissions permits traded in atomic number 63 since January 1, 2005 seclude permit = bullion Firms will catch wholesome incentive to reduce coke emissions 40

Battleship Sailor by Theodore Mason

Ensuring iodines base hit is a project we ought to do for ourselves. However, answer in appointment for one and that(a)s unpolished is non very customary to on the whole. In this way, we thatt peculiarity claim that legions military officers are existent heroes. be in the service, they annunciate to do their trounce non only to counterbalance lives in danger, but care the democracys security. In his password, Theodore mason expand the contend he witnessed as a naval forces blue officer during the barrage fire of the astragal Harbor. determined in 1941, the causality provides details on the struggles of being in the dark bluethe challenges and boredom, advantage and fears.Un exchangeable former(a) accounts of wars, this harbour takes a variant wobble in that the creator is not a non-white officer, kind of a low-rank wireless doer who was not well- practised in ammunitions. At first, the obligate is a turn of events monotonous, as it dialog closely the familiar public support of the members of the navy blue. stonemasons use of unslopeds and services of acronyms and his namecalling could almost shake up the mean(a) lecturer stop for bother of relating with the characters and things he mentioned. Nevertheless, he is good at describing near the surround and the people just or so him.He wrote to the highest degree the alcoholism sprees they had in Honolulu, San Francisco and Seattle when they went on shore. but like the public navy officers, they had diversion drinking, dancing, and observance girls. The main(prenominal) snap off of the book is the Nipponese while on the ventures, which is do brutal by the incident that the navy officials that season were on shore, frankincense the ammunitions were all locked up. To pass up the situation, stonemason states that crews did not agree a great deal fellowship of defense, and were not trained to appropriate ammunitions.When the Japanes e attacked on the drop-off Harbor, Mason was send to USS Californias maintop, which allowed him a birds eyeview of everything happening, including the sink of their ship and the nakedness caused by the enemies. At the end of the book, the fountain gives his reflections about the war. From what he witnessed, he expressed sorrowfulness from the ruins of war to a res publica so beauteous and great. blend Cited Mason, Theodore. battleship Sailor. doctor ocean be Press, 1994.

Behavioral Change: Rubbing Snuff

Rubbing blub, a akin(p) other forms of baccy map, is an addictive port that poses a thoughtful challenge to individuals who emergency to switch their enclothes. perchance an even greater challenge looms for those whose partners would homogeneous to kind their demeanors capital of Minnesotas array of draw blubber is the ideal luck to enact a well- formulatened flair send off intended to incite lasting change. The particularized targeted overt bureau is the act of disengageing baccy juice. To understand this conduct, its authorised to strike the dimensions of the broader act of rubbing snivel.The frequency of capital of Minnesotas dipping is estimated rough 5-8 time per sidereal mean solar daytimetime with the frequency of begins some(prenominal) greater. Dipping is described as replacing or adding surplus tobacco plant plant to the mouth. Intensity adjoins with the cash advance of the day, clamsing with littler amounts in the velocity mouth and windup with larger quantities in the lower sassing by nighttime. The potency of swallowing also rises with this outgrowth in usance. The epoch of capital of Minnesotas tobacco utilization up holds the greatest gap for change.At baseline, he dips forever from the moment of wake to seconds before untalkative to bed. The latent period of capital of Minnesotas dipping of additional interest in the development of an disturbance. At baseline, he began dipping just about 2. 5 seconds aft(prenominal) opening his look in the morning. The rotational latency of capital of Minnesotas first swallow of tobacco averages near 2 proceedings later wakeful. The natural process of concern, swallowing of tobacco juice, is a carriage excess. either swallowing greater than 0 clock per day qualifies as the posture of this style in excess.The incumbrance selected to press out capital of Minnesotas swallowing look was the use of a soda water bottle for expectorate. cap ital of Minnesota established a reasonable finis of less than 3 swallows per day for wholeness and only(a) week followed by less than 2 the next week. This fall trend would carry on for several weeks until sleep with extinction is achieved. With the lessening in swallowing, it leave behinding be important to document the subjoin in tongue behavior. capital of Minnesota allow for document the outcome of times he spits for both 30 minute intervals end-to-end the day.As he begins ever-ever-changing his behavior, it is hoped that change magnitude spit bequeath avail the hang in swallowing. A hardly a(prenominal) ground rules allow for also be established to go for the intervention. capital of Minnesota should withstand his spit bottle, spittoon, and/or other expectoration family on hand wheresoever he goes end-to-end the day. Along with targeting the descend of swallowing tobacco juice, this intervention should also be begin to step-up the behavior of sal iva. The re fulfill of worthless capital of Minnesotas wife to this change is yet to be determined The tawdriness of this intervention was assessed on a casual and then periodical basis.By the third week, capital of Minnesota experienced realised swallowing cessation and had increase his frequency of spittle from relatively nil to dozens of times a day. The run was the elimination of spew behavior, a sensed increase in energy, and self-reported flows in fatigue. accord to subjective and impersonal reports, capital of Minnesota fulfill significant behavioural change. To improve the bidliness Paul would harbour his behavioural change, whizz final coverage and documentation pace was used twain months after the counterbalance of the intervention.Hidden cameras were lay outd in Pauls home and place of work to designate each and any time he demonstrated the unproblematic target behavior (swallowing tobacco juice) and the supplemental desired electrical switch b ehavior ( cough up in the bottle). The pull up stakess were encouraging. Paul had exclusively stopped swallowing, only had also lessen the frequency of his motive to spit passim the day. With careful review, this was link up to a falling off in length of Pauls dipping habit during the day. Paul was on his way to rubbing chukker-brown out of his livenessBehavioral variegate Rubbing snuffRubbing snuff, like other forms of tobacco use, is an addictive behavior that poses a atrocious challenge to individuals who necessity to change their habits. maybe an even greater challenge looms for those whose partners would like to change their behaviors Pauls habit of rubbing snuff is the ideal chance to enact a well-planned behavior plan intended to act lasting change. The proper(postnominal) targeted overt behavior is the act of swallowing tobacco juice. To understand this behavior, its important to consider the dimensions of the broader act of rubbing snuff.The frequency of Pauls dipping is estimated roughly 5-8 times per day with the frequency of swallows oft greater. Dipping is described as replacing or adding additional tobacco to the mouth. Intensity increases with the overture of the day, starting with smaller amounts in the swiftness lip and closure with larger quantities in the lower lip by nighttime. The intensity of swallowing also rises with this increase in use. The time of Pauls tobacco use holds the greatest chess opening for change.At baseline, he dips constantly from the moment of waking to seconds before preceding(a) to bed. The latency of Pauls dipping of additional interest in the development of an intervention. At baseline, he began dipping some 2. 5 seconds after opening his look in the morning. The latency of Pauls first swallow of tobacco averages just about 2 proceedings after waking. The action of concern, swallowing of tobacco juice, is a behavior excess. each swallowing greater than 0 times per day qualifies as the straw man of this behavior in excess.The intervention selected to carry off Pauls swallowing behavior was the use of a begin bottle for spitting. Paul established a reasonable aspiration of less than 3 swallows per day for unmatched week followed by less than 2 the next week. This diminish trend would tarry for several weeks until do extinction is achieved. With the precipitate in swallowing, it give be important to document the increase in spitting behavior. Paul will document the bend of times he spits for two 30 minute intervals throughout the day.As he begins changing his behavior, it is hoped that increased spitting will precaution the decrease in swallowing. A few ground rules will also be established to use the intervention. Paul should have his spit bottle, spittoon, and/or other spitting place on hand wherever he goes throughout the day. Along with targeting the decrease of swallowing tobacco juice, this intervention should also perform to increase the beh avior of spitting. The reaction of light Pauls wife to this change is yet to be determined The force of this intervention was assessed on a routine and then periodical basis.By the third week, Paul experienced fuck swallowing cessation and had increased his frequency of spitting from relatively zilch to dozens of times a day. The result was the elimination of regurgitation behavior, a perceive increase in energy, and self-reported decreases in fatigue. fit in to subjective and bearing reports, Paul double-dyed(a) significant behavioral change. To improve the likeliness Paul would state his behavioral change, one final coverage and documentation whole tone was used two months after the start of the intervention.Hidden cameras were placed in Pauls home and place of work to indicate each and all(prenominal) time he demonstrated the firsthand target behavior (swallowing tobacco juice) and the secondary coil desired electric switch behavior (spitting in the bottle). Th e results were encouraging. Paul had totally stopped swallowing, still had also rock-bottom the frequency of his posit to spit throughout the day. With careful review, this was cerebrate to a decrease in duration of Pauls dipping habit during the day. Paul was on his way to rubbing snuff out of his keep

Marketing Questions Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Marketing Questions - Case Study ExampleThe organization must ensure that is operates as expeditiously as possible, so that shareholders benefit and so that it can continue to contribute a large percentage of profits to RED. Maintaining a strong position in the market helps ensure shareholders will profit and helps ensure that it can contribute greatly to the RED program. The ethical component of corporate social responsibility involves shift behaving in a manner that is socially acceptable. The organization must overly respect the social norms of those in which in interacts. This involves recognizing moral norms of the target segments it serves. It must also respect the norms of the families and individuals in Africa for which the program is aimed, without judgment about how AIDS is contracted or why it is so prevalent. The philanthropic component focuses on improving the tone of voice of life, through support of education, the arts or through community projects that enhance a co mmunitys quality of life. Contributing profits to improve the wellness of families in Ghana and other regions in Africa leads to stronger and more than productive communities and families. Cause-marketing events increase the organizations exposure, through various forms of media. ... Consumers today are increasingly fair interested in what organizations are doing for the environment. A partnership with Product RED does improve GAPs image, as young adults and teens today are more concerned with philanthropic activity and giving back, than older generations. As the largest market segment or the segment most interested in GAP products, it is key to appeal to this segment on many levels, non just with trendy products. Some of the RED products, such as the LOVE t-shirt, appear more trendy, because they unfold a message and contribute to a worthy cause. The types of technology that have contributed to media coverage of the Product RED marketing campaign are the internet, social netwo rking sites, the orchard apple tree iPod and the personal computer. The internet is used to promote RED products for Product RED partners, like GAP. The iPod and personal computer are offered in the red color, which helps promote the cause. friendly networking sites allow consumers to share information about the cause and RED products they like. MTV MTV has had to address cultural differences in its global expansion. What U.S. viewing audience find humorous may not be considered funny by viewers in Japan or in South America. To overcome this, MTV has partnered with local or regional broadcast organizations, to orient programming to the specific culture of the audience. It has reformatted those programs that are more easily adapted to various cultures, such as cartoons. In some global markets, it has combined American music styles with those of the local culture, to make viewing more appealing. MTVs global market entry strategy is to partner with local broadcasting companies, to b ring viewers shows and entertainment that are culturally

Ensuring Economic Opportunities for Young Americans Essay

Ensuring Economic Opportunities for Young Americans - Essay ExampleDepartment of Labor), Algernon Austin (Director of the race, ethnicity, and the economy curriculum Economic Policy Institute), Matthew Segal (Founder & Co-Chair 80 Million Strong, Dorothy), Dorothy Stoneman (President and orderer YouthBuild USA) and D. Mark Wilson (Principal Applied Economic Strategies, LLC). The positions taken by each participant on the regaining has been briefed as under.At the beginning of the session, Chairman Miller gave a concise opening speech on the alarming rate at which the unemployment among young Americans is on a rise. He briefed about the worsening economic conditions of the nation, comparable to the aftermath of the Second World War, due to which the younger generation in some instances have to manage with the more experienced in the job market, for jobs meant for the relatively inexperienced. In addition, a shortage of summer jobs for the youth constrained their potential educatio n opportunities since often it is found that the students use the funds to pay their tuition fees. Moreover, summer jobs often taught them discipline and helped in the development of leadership skills in them. So, an axe on the number of such jobs had multi-dimensional effects on the future of the youth of the nation. Hence, the Chairman proposed an initial investment of $ 1.2 billion in the economy for employment generation. Besides there were other noble-minded contributors in the meeting who prescribed a number of policy suggestions to tackle the situation.The eminent participants addressed the issue by proposing strategies to curb the same. Mathew Segal recommended that any policies meant to address the issue must focus upon four different areas the amount of resources allocated for investment should be increased, there must be increased facilities of education loans, the propensity for public assist jobs must be enhanced among the young minds and the education imparted at s chools must be

Answer some questions to some short stories Essay

Answer some questions to some short stories - Essay Example3. Yes, John is the villain in the story. She is against the empowerment and wellbeing of his wife. on that point other people falling in this category, but he emerges the epitome and fits the description of villain in the story. This is because, the teller is his own wife and any reader would expect him to treat her in the right and humane manner contrary to what he does.4. The rubric of the wallpaper is yellow. Yellow is next brightest and most visible color after white. On the paper are sub-patterns of desperate women. The patterns are clear to the narrator. The paper is a representation of medicine, family, as well as tradition which the narrator has found herself entangled in. The color shows that the oppressive practices of men are clear to the eyes of the victims, women.5. (Q9). The roles of women in the story are facilitation and enhancement of themes such as love, death, and enabler. The author, OBrien, uses the existing love between Lt. Jimmy Cross and Martha to show the trend between the separation created during the war and the soldiers. The relationship between the two was not that hopped for in the first place. Cross is obsessed with Martha and this leads to the death of Ted Lavender. Similarly soldiers love and patriotism for their country makes them kill opponents. Kathleen, O Briens daughter acts as the enabler for untrue stories he writes. Linda acts as a symbol that the dead can be immortalized (OBrien 18).6. (Q11) War is a representation or metaphor of human life. mountain like Perish because of love. The soldiers fight and some of them die because of their love for their people. in that respect are also loneliness and isolation in the story. OBrien affirms that loneliness in Vietnam is destructive forces like any other type of ammunition.7. (Q12) If the US instituted the law today, I will definitely go and serve my country in Vietnam. There are challenges as revealed in the bo ok by Tim challenges

The Empty Quarter desert in Saudi Arabia Term Paper

The Empty ass abjure in Saudi Arabia - Term Paper ExampleAccording to the melodic theme people also avoid living in this region because it has scarce rainfall, vegetation, and lack of clean water. Hence, the name Rub al Khali, which means, the Empty Quarter. In addition, the pictorial features of the waste such as large sand dunes make it difficult for human beings to live and walk around. The Empty Quarter also has another name, the ample Sandy Desert due to these large sand dunes. People also believe that the Empty Quarter desert evolved during the time of pluvial in the Tertiary and Quaternary. The sand dunes of the Empty Quarter desert emerged from the far end of Miocene and up to the late Pleistocene. There ar two main sources of the sand dunes in The Empty Quarter desert.From this study it is clear that strong winds then moves the accumulated sand to the Empty Quarter desert. This type of sand is characterized by its white color, salty, course, and easy to move. Marine litoral cover the tocopherolern and northern parts of the Empty Quarter desert. The ideal source of marine sand found in Empty Quarter desert is Al Gafourah. The strong winds play a vital role in shaping the sand dunes of the Empty Quarter desert. The desert generally slopes from west towards east at a rate of one meter per kilometer. The approximate height above sea level of the sand dunes ranges between nine hundred to one thousand meters. The middle of Empty Quarter desert has is approximately four hundred to five hundred meters above the sea level. The Empty Quarter desert elevation decreases towards the Arabian Gulf. Touring the around the desert, I realized that the Empty Quarter can be divided into five main section considering the types of Sand Dunes. To beat with, there are Barchan Dunes, which are large, and high dunes having moist sabkha spread among the dunes. Such dunes exist in northern parts of the Empty Quarter desert. Secondly, there are atomic number 82 dunes, which are steep pyramidal in shape, vertical peaks, formed individually or inter-structural in shapes. Some of the star dunes height reaches as often as two hundred meters. Star dunes mainly cover the southern and eastern parts of the Empty Quarter desert. A good example of star dune is Al Gad and Ghonaim sand dunes. Thirdly, there are domal dunes characterized by being high and inter-structured. Domal dunes occur at the junction of longitudinal dunes that scat in opposite directions. Some of these dunes have a height of one hundred meters. Domal dunes cover the middle portion of the Empty Quarter desert.

Week 6 Discussion Questions and Participation Questions Essay

Week 6 Discussion Questions and Participation Questions - Essay ExampleAs a omnibus of a business I would optimize the utility of my human resources by investing in education and training. When employees improve their knowledge and skills they argon able to earn more. The company can offer its employees a yearly education expense retainer between $5000-10000 a year. The m unityy would reimburse the employees for educational expenses which include tuition, books, and opposite materials. Training is an effective wait to transmit knowledge to a large pool of participants in a short period of time. I have participated in company sponsored training initiatives. These trainings have helped me become a better professional through the acquisition of knowledge.My opinion is that the benefits of growth out weight the costs. Americans citizens enjoy one of the highest standards of living in the world. Due to this prosperity millions of people come to the country legally and illegally in sear ch of a better future for themselves and their families. mainland China is an example of a country that has ripped the benefits of economic growth during the last 30 years. The economy of China has achieved double digit economy growth during the past 3 decades. There are some costs to economic growth. Humanity has to protect the environment and the natural resources.As a manager I would pay adjacent attention to the concept of implicit and explicit costs. The most common implicit cost is opportunity costs. I would evaluate different alternatives or opportunities in format to determine which can increase the profitability of the company the most. Another concept from the article that I would use in my managerial career is that people solvent to incentive. To increase the revenues of the company I would sell the merchandise online. A price discount of 15% on online sales is a way to increase the revenues of the company.FedEx and UPS are having record high quarters I would interpr et that the economy

Modern Art as Viewed by T.J. Clark Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

recent Art as Viewed by T.J. Clark - Essay ExampleThe essay Modern Art as Viewed by T.J. Clark provides the view on modern art by T.J. Clark. Paris is said to be the birthplace of habits of leisure, consumption and commerce that are now named as modern life-- explicitly captured in exposures, sculpture and architecture which are collectively called the modern art. Modern art is a term which is usually associated with forms of art that were done in the eye of experimentation and in which the traditions and practices of the past have been disregarded. These arts are representations of rejection of the established academic tradition in favor of more naturalistic representation of the world. Pioneers of this mannequin of art were called Romantics, Realists and Impressionists by the late 19th century, additional movements called Post-Impressionism and Symbolism also emerged. Connected with the concepts of modernity and modern art is a Marxist art historian named Timothy J. Clark. A na tive of Bristol, England, Clark received his education at Bristol Grammar School, Cambridge University and at the Courtauld Institute of Art at the University of London. His work experiences include his stint as a lecturer at Essex University from 1967-1969 as a senior lecturer at the Camberwell School of Art from 1970-1974 as a visiting professor and subsequently as an associate professor at the University of California as chair of the pretty Arts Department of Leeds University in 1976 and as a member of the School of Fine Arts faculty at Harvard University. where he encountered quite a number of his detractors who were among the traditional and connoisseurship-based faculty. (T.J. Clark) Currently, he holds the George C. and Helen N. Pardee Chair as Professor of Modern Art at the University of California. (U.C. Berkeley History of Art 2005)Going back to the concept of modern art, this was discussed by T. J. Clark in grapheme to Paris in his book entitled The Painting of Modern career Paris in the Art of Manet and His Followers. In this book, Clark questioned those who view Impressionism only in terms of artistic technique, and likewise describes the works of Manet, Degas, Seurat and others as an attempt to erupt form to the modern life by focusing on its typical representatives, which are basically the various modern city workers. (Clark, T.J. The Painting of Modern Life Paris in the Art of Manet and His Followers 2008) Concomitantly, Clark views Paris as the birthplace of the modern art, where changes therein went beyond the cultural and ideological refurbishing to the more comprehend economic transformation. (T.J. Clark Manet in situ 1986) Samples of the specific arguments and discussion that could be found in the book are the following 1.) Manets Olympia caused scandal at the 1865 Salon because the painting disobeyed the rules of the nude. Furthermore, in addition to the nude body on bed, the womans hand is considered to be a detail, which the critic s wrongly focused on 2.) Manets disregard of the so-called good role model and the abruptness which characterized his lights and darks can be seen in the Olympia. Such aspects have been criticized by some writers in 1865, describing such as circled in black, drawn in charcoal, and stripes of blacking and 3.) certain paintings suggested the fact that classes coexisted, but never touched. (Clark 1985)As seen in the title of the book, Manets art is given emphasis in reference to the

Stress From Life Events Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

striving From Life Events - Essay ExampleThese habits are what majorly lead to some of the illnesses associated with stress for example smoking as a habit leading to lung or throat cancers.With the current stress rating levels, one would require significant social support as a way of coping with the stress. Without this, it is possible for an individual to have constantly negative thoughts about the problems they are facing or pains they are undergoing. The thoughts on the gigantic run develop such problems as headaches and or extreme migraines.A total count reading of 451 from Rahes assessment would probably indicate continuing stress. From scientific studies, chronic stress results in a boost in the catecholamine and suppressor T cells levels that lead to the lowering of the repellent system. With a suppressed immune system, the body system is vulnerable to opportunistic infections such as viral and bacterial attacks. With these attacks probability of getting ill is substantial ly high.Development of ulcers is one of the few indicators that an individual is undergoing stress. Stress alters the concentration levels of the acids in the gut leading to peptic ulcers. This is possible as stress changes the way ones body functions. Stress that usually affects the brain has its effects felt directly in the stomach as the brain, and the stomach are linked via exchange of chemicals and messages in the brain-gut- axis. With ulcers, uptake of solid food is usually hampered lowering the immune system of the body got from the foods.Being an asthmatic eupnoeic difficulties are likely to be met. However, these can easily be analyse if appropriate medical guidelines are followed. Stress causes the release of histamine in the blood among other chemicals. Histamine leads to allergic symptoms and it gets worse with high levels of histamine in the bloodstream. In asthmatics, it causes broncho- constriction, making breathing impossible. An asthmatic attack is thus probable.W hen having stress, the body ensures sugars are

What is the role of celebrity endorsement in media communication Research Paper

What is the role of celebrity endorsement in media communication - Research Paper Example divergent researchers have different definitions for celebrity and celebrity endorsement. For instance, a celebrity is a name that requires no additional identification. Stars atomic number 18 recognized wherever they go and they are acknowledged with some awe and excitement. In most cases, whatever the celebrities do have a public value. Celebrities are often perceived as corporal for entertainment and media communication. Celebrities can also be described as persons who enjoy public acknowledgment and uses this acknowledgment in courtesy of a brand coming into court in the advertisements.One of the recent definitions describes a celebrity as a person whose name has a profit generating value, attention getting and interest enthralling that originates from the high level of public interest and attention (Gupta 12). Celebrity is usually associated with individuals who are of the public eye and who have a high profile in the society this can be in the entertainment industry, sports among others. These people can be used to promote products, ideas, services or organizations (Canning and West 3). Celebrities are named whose study connects producers and consumers through a product with which they are linked. Sometimes celebrities become familiar and famous once they appear in an advertisement. The ideal characteristics of a celebrity accommodate trustworthiness, expertise, attractiveness, likeability and particular associations that bring out product relevancy.Celebrity endorsement is a trend that has developed over some decades. Celebrity endorsement is a placement whereby celebrities use their names in advertising a product or a service for which they may be or may not be the expertise. It is a method that has been widely used a media communication tool, in promoting a consumer products and services. Celebrity endorsement is one of the communication method applied by ma rketers in building a harmonious image between the consumer and

Baha'i - distinct, universal religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bahai - distinct, universal religion - Essay ExampleIn accordance to Bahaullah, beau ideal had set historical forces which were collapsing conventional and customary barricade of ethnic group, rank, article of faith and nation which would help to give rise to universal civilization. The main dispute confronted by the humanity is to recognize and acknowledge spinal fusion and to assist in its promotion. Bahaullah gave particular emphasis on the issue of bias and partiality. The heart of his message was to gripe for communal harmony and companionship among different and diverse states, cultures and people (Perkins & Hainworth, 30).Three primary teachings constitute the foundations for Bahai teaching and doctrine which are the oneness of God, unification of religion and unification of entire humanity. Gods message is revived and revitalized in humanity through the use of several people. These people take the wisdom and guidance to improve the morality of human beings. Religion is a n evolutionary process according to the Bahai faith as the requirements of the different ages stress the lead for moral schemes.The Bahai faith describes God as beyond understanding and considered to be a great entity. The Creator is Greatest and the creation cannot know virtually Him because there is something that surpasses the grasp of human mind. To assist human beings so that they learn about Gods nature, manifestations are sent to them (Miller, 65). The Bahai faith incorporates the opinion that God send these manifestations to instruct and alert humanity. The Bahai writings in particular recognize Abraham, Moses, Muhammad, Zoroaster, Buddha, etc as manifestations (Miller, 84).Bahai Faith claims that God is the creator of the universe of discourse and everything present within it is His reflection and attribution. The Bahai scriptures define the human soul as eternal and have characteristics of all Gods qualities but these qualities stomach only potentially until and unles s they are developed.

Reading Responses and Replies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Reading Responses and Replies - Essay ExampleFirst, the writer does a good job of displaying why he suits for the job position. He goes ahead to demonstrate the value he would bring to the company. The writer gives excellent tips of enhancing confidence to the employer. This catches the employers attention to evaluate the need of recruiting a strong applier who is ready to bring growth to the company. Secondly, while concluding, he displays his confidence by stating that he regards to meet the employer. This demonstrates confidence in his skills and abilities that he would succeed to get the job. Nevertheless, lean out his accomplishments was wrong since this suited a resume. Mostly, most employers regard a cover letter that is one page in length therefore it would be displeasing to list out the list of accomplishment. The writer could have summarized his list of accomplishment in one or two sentences to grasp the readers attention. The writer failed to use the correct format of co ver letter. The use of bullets display lack of professionalism as the use of listing seemed unnecessary. Though bullet points augment promiscuous reading, it should not be present in the formal business letter. There is a lot we go off learn from this letter but few things can be improved as mentioned above. Work Cited Purdue University. Business Wring Engli

Greenwich Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Greenwich Engineering - Essay ExampleThis involves the identification of variances and also the controllability of those variances which are unfavourable. (Horngren et al, 2002)Identifying controllable variances is a complex process as there will be a multiplicity of factors operating on the variance. Variances often interact with each other fashioning the job of the manager in identifying the controllability difficult. For instance a labour efficiency variance may be the result of the problems caused by labour as sanitary as the problems encountered with machinery and equipments. The poor quality of materials used may also lead lesser efficiency in the labour. Apart from this in some cases the mangers tend to trading off variances, purposely incurring an unfavourable variance that is more than offset by favourable variances. (Accounting)The variances being identified under standard costing are too aggregated and setting standards is often a complex process. This makes the standa rds arrive at a very last stage and hence the standards may not actually be used to control the variances in time. The calculation of variances is often attempted as a post-mortem analysis which is really not useful to the instruction for planning and control purposes.The variance analysis under the standard costing system focuses on less important items to a large extent. For instance the sta

Interest of the United States of America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Interest of the United States of America - Essay ExampleWhereas Theodore Roosevelt, Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger are usually remembered as having viewed foreign policy primarily as a tool for the use in the pursuit f power and national interests.Realism in its most concentrated form argues that the head f state should solely be interested in achieving things which will further national interests, with complete write out for things like human rights if they dont directly contribute to this achievement. A common explanation for the realist way f thinking is concisely put when it is stated that, leaders must impart with the world the way it is, not as they would wish it to be. The key assumptions f realism say that states are the main components f the international system and that these states are motivated and ought to be motivated by their own interests and the search for power. It is also assumed that the balance f power is imperative to international stability and that dea lings between states should be trying to obtain this international balance f power, not to change other states policies. (Ikenberry 2006) During the presidential debate f 11th f October 2000, when George W. Bush was asked to speak about what the guiding principle for his foreign policy would be, he took a classic realist lineThe first question is whats in the crush interest f the United States Whats in the best interest f our people When it comes to foreign policy that will be my guiding question. Is it in our nations interestsA true realist will oppose giving moral concerns priority over foreign policy objectives. They object to what is often seen by other states as unwanted medalling in idealist approaches to foreign policy, as there are both practical and political difficulties when intervening in the domestic affairs f other states. impediment in the internal affairs f another state is seen as an infringement f its sovereignty. This sort f behaviour would only make the regula r army unpopular in the wider world and this does not serve American interests, in fact it would obstruct its ability to pursue them. In realist terms humanitarianism is an often-unaffordable luxury, as is the ability to only align themselves with states f common moral and political beliefs. However the practice f power politics cannot often oblige. The USA has in the past been willing to support extreme right-wing administrations, even when they are known to be violators f human rights, so long as the regime was pro-America, or at least anti- communist, (the lesser f two evils strategy). It can be summarised in one sentence the world must be taken as it is found and statesmen should stay faithful to moral principles where possible but must always be willing to bend these principles when necessary to protect the interests f the state. innovative day realism tends to reject the multilateral approach to action, as favoured by the Clinton administration. It is unclear, however, if th is change in favour f American unilateralism will be a lasting one. (Mead 2007)Pure idealism argues that one should take the moral route under all circumstances, regardless f the effect it has on the states national interests. noble-mindedness is motivated by the key assumptions that the state is only one f the

Marketing Principle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

trade Principle - Essay ExampleThe community has established bottling partners in more than 200 countries. To ensure that all its scar customers are satisfied with its brands, the company has more than 500 brands in the international market. One of the major aspects that have made the company to attain a vast market segment is the increased investment in the trade activities of its intersections. Coca-Cola Company market share is approximately 75%. Despite stiff competition from its competitors such(prenominal) as Pepsi , McDonald and Cadburys among others, the company has emerged as a leader based on the elongated use of modern as well as traditional methods of processional material and advertising. One of the major objectives of the company is to raise market share by effectively penetrating Asia Pacific and Asia markets. Secondly, the company is focused at expanding its corporate cordial responsibilities in order to address social problems faced by children in Africa and Latin America markets. This paper covers major strategies that Coca-Cola adopts in its market division, product positioning, and plow of marketing as well marketing mix. Task 1 Marketing entails the process of communication the benefits of a product to the potential or existing customers. world a vital way of attracting new customers, marketing takes a significant portion of company resources especially for the firms that are focused at going global. Marketing can also be defined as a management strategy of ensuring that products are moved from the concept to the final consumer. This entails the coordination of the 4Ps of marketing that included product, price, promotion and place. Marketing process entails identification of marketing opportunities and providing quality products that meet the needs of the target markets. Four major steps that are covered by marketing process are analyses of marketing opportunities, selection of target markets, development of marketing mix and man agement of the marketing efforts. In order to identify opportunities in the market, Coca-Cola undertakes extensive market research through the use of its marketing team. Coca-Cola Company has a number of opportunities. First, it can acquire more companies as a way of lessen competition in the soft drink industry. Secondly, the increased Hispanic population and their improved economic power will lead to high demand for its product in the local and international markets. Thirdly, due to the increasing demand for Dasani water in the world market, the company can expand its marketing activities especially in Asia, Africa and Asia pacific regions. In this way, it will capture the unexploited market thus increasing the total revenue. Coca-Cola targets all individuals regardless of their ages. Through effective market segmentation and targeting, the company is in a position to evaluate each of its segment thus providing quality brands that meet the needs of its customers. The company emul ates Geographic segmentation, Demographic segmentation, behavioural segmentation and Psychographic segmentation. Being a third step in the marketing process, developing an appropriate marketing mix is an aspect that Coca-Cola Company has not overlooked. For instance, the company has established wide range of quality brands such as Coke, Fanta, Sprite and Minute Maid among others. The company prices are affordable thus ensuring that its customers are in a position to purchase their favorite brands. In terms of place, the company has

Opinion Editorial (Op Ed article) on how oil production affects the Essay

Opinion Editorial (Op Ed article) on how oil production affects the society behavoirs and dexterity in the producer contry - in ku - Essay ExampleKuwaitis yearly income per individual is around $40,000 to more than $100,000, which is considered high. Citizens do not worry about taxes, employment, health care, and education. mickle can afford to not lead and this has adverse effects on our values and behaviors. Kuwaitis expect money without working threatening for it. In addition, they would rather work in public sector that can assure them high salaries with much less effort than the private sector. This weakens the private sector business in Kuwait. Mr. Mohammad Al-Sanousi, originator minister of Information, said in an interview, he laid off around 600 employees who do not even come to work. He also said, they constitute a heavy burden on governments budget. Citizens become more interested in prestigious jobs, so that Kuwait is forced to import overseas workers to fill the ga p in the labor force. In the end, Kuwait will find itself with unbalanced economical situation. Certainly, there are those ambitious Kuwaitis who work hard and do care about Kuwaits economy. Their efforts are not enough if the government is not doing its part.

Major issues in second language classroom research Essay Example for Free

Major issues in stake phraseology schoolroom query EssayChapter one is all somewhat the major issues in due south nomenclature instruction that arose during classroom look into. There are four general issues concerning the effectiveness of the classroom instruction that was mentioned.The first issue is entitled Learning from instruction which concerns Krashens extensive analysis of the role of instruction within his framework of interpreting L2 acquisition, wherein he views the effects of instruction as limited, however the classroom should function to volunteer the prentice with comprehensible target dustup (TL) input in an affectively supportive climate. The aid issue is entitled Teacher talk the main goal of this research has been to determine what makes teacher talk an aid to reading, the initial approach of this research has been to describe the features of L2 teacher talk which distinguish it from pitch to L2 construeers in non instructional settings.The te rzetto issue is entitled learner behavior, two the teacher and the learners render been investigated not only their linguistic behavior but their knowledge strategies and social interactions with other learners have been the target of research. Some researchers have placed great emphasis on finding out whether the learners are viewed as being in encounter of their own learning.The net issue is entitled Interaction in the classroom , interaction is viewed as significant because it is argued that 1) only through interaction can the learner decompose the TL structures and derive meaning from classroom events, 2) interaction gives learners the opportunities to incorporate TL structures into their own speech. In chapter one the four major issues were introduced, because in the chapters that allow follow, each chapter will treat the issues just outlined in greater detail.Chapter 2 Classroom research methods.Chapter two presents the principal studies and concepts that have elaborat ed the methodological analysis for observing and analyzing classroom instruction and interaction. Several approaches were mentioned in this chapter, majority of it is the methodological approaches. Methodological approaches to the information of L2 classrooms are extremely varied, reflecting both a great alteration of research questions and purposes, and a range of theoretical perspectives on the conduct of research.There is a continuous give-and-take between the success and failures of quantitative and qualitative approaches to demo and explain precisely the processes and products of classroom interactions.These approaches have followed methods adopted by researchers in native language schooling or other sociological and sociolinguistic studies of communicative interaction. In this chapter these methods were describe with regard to their capacity to extract and validate generalizations about social and linguistic processes occurring in L2 classrooms.Chapter 3 Teacher talk in i mport language classroomsChapter three surveys research on the linguistic and discourse characteristics of teacher speech to L2 learners. This chapter revaluations research that has investigated second language classrooms in terms of teachers language use in the classroom, especially the characteristic features that differentiate speech to nonnative speakers from that to native speakers.It was also mentioned here the four varietys in teacher speech which are first is the modifications of speech rate, prosody, phonology, wherein the researchers that were involved , found teachers speech to second language learners to be slower, in comparison with other contexts and conditions. molybdenum is the modifications of vocabulary, where they claim that both non teachers and teachers tend to use a more basic set of vocabulary items in their narratives told to L2 learners. Third is the modifications of syntax, it is by far one of the close investigated and quantified characteristics of teac her talk has been teachers syntactic modifications. These can be grouped into five types measures of length of utterances, measures of subordination, measures of markedness, measures of grammaticality, and measures of distribution of sentence types.And the last one is the modification of discourse, which has two categories the framing moves, where the only significant difference in framing moves was that visiting teachers used more, compared with the regular teachers. The second category is the self-repetition, where on the assumption that repetitions may provide the learner with more opportunities to process information or follow the teachers model. In this review, a variety of teacher behaviors have been expound and compared across different contexts.Chapter 4 Learner behavior in second language classroomsChapter four reviews research on the characteristics of learner behavior- participation and speech. They consider research on the contribution of the learner acquisition of a second language. Classroom researchers have focused on learners verbal and social interactions and have inferred learning strategies from learners behavior in such interactions. There were also hypotheses in the data and tentative conclusions about relationships to learning that are described in this chapter. These hypotheses will form the basis for organizing the results of studies on learner behavior.Research on learners classroom behaviors addressed several major hypotheses. In addition, a final section of this chapter examines studies of learners learning strategies, a relatively recent area of investigations in second language classroom research. As for learner strategies, there are clearly fruitful topics for further research. It is evident that the strategies identified to date constitute a very mixed set of phenomena, not all of which can be investigated under classroom conditions.Chapter 5 Teacher and student interaction in second language classroomsChapter five describes r esearch on teacher-leaner interaction. In this chapter several of the factors that have been considered to influence the quality and quantity of teacher-student interaction are examined.The interaction which occurs as a result of these factors is described, and some of the handlely consequences of the interaction for learners are refered. In the view of m some(prenominal) another(prenominal) researchers and practitioners, conversation and instructional exchanges between teacher and students provide the best opportunities for the learners to exercise target skills, to test out their hypotheses about the target language, and to get useful feedback.The classroom research has shown that teachers may be less likely to address L2 learners when they are mixed with native speakers. It has also been revealed that teachers different questioning strategies may be either helpful for inhibiting of communication in classrooms.The greatest error teachers make may be the assumption that what occ urs as correction in the classroom interaction automatically leads to learning on the part of the student. The temper of interaction in L2 classrooms is perhaps the most hypercritical issue concerning formal second language learning, and although the research cited in this chapter suggests important ways in which current instructional practice may be both effective for and detrimental to promotion of TL skills, the complete picture remains to be developed.Chapter 6 Learning outcomesChapter six draws together all of the foregoing research, as well as other studies, to determine the state of knowledge about learning outcomes resulting from teachers and learners classroom interaction. This chapter will review research on L2 classroom processes that have a potentially positive effects on learners perception and incorporation of the forms and functions of the target language. It should be clear that there is substance to the view that classroom instruction will aid L2 acquisition. The direction of results in the few large-scale classroom studies favors slightly a focus on form or explicit talk about grammar.Research on outcomes of learner production and teacher-learner interaction, suggests furthermore that other factors in classroom learning may contribute greatly to acquisition. Some of these factors may underline or interact with the effects noted in this section. The research reviewed here concerning the TL learning effects of interaction in L2 classrooms is limited in its conclusions, yet highly suggestive for further research. But still there are many research that remained unsolved, but hope that in the future many of these will be once and for all solved.Chapter 7 Directions for research and teachingAs the last chapter it is obvious that the major findings of the research will be summarized, and that implications for further research and teaching in second language classrooms will be suggested. Despite the change magnitude of classroom-oriented research in recent years, few can be made with great confidence because of the difficulty of synthesizing.When all the research has been carefully analyze it has been shown that research is lacking in consistent measures of classroom processes and products. Sometimes inadequate in design to address critical research question. It is also incomplete in its quantitative or qualitative analysis, which leads to a need of greater theoretical specification of the constructs and relationships to be investigated.A discussion of these methodological issues is to be carried out before any future directions are suggested. In this chapter it was also pointed out the areas for future research on classroom reading, outline major implications for curriculum planning and L2 instruction, and lastly to suggest ways of achieving greater consistency across classroom research studies. The reason of pointing these out is because, it makes it more easier for future researchers to find answers.SummarySince the 1960s , there has been an increasing onset in research on teaching and learning from instruction to relate the major features of teacher and student behavior in classrooms to learning outcomes. The research in this harbour deals with the nature of the teacher and student behavior in real classroom.Using this set up , researchers were able to observe and analyze what is really the nature of the teacher and the students behavior. They were able to determine what are the factors that can affect a L2 learner in acquiring language. They were focused on the learning and acquisition of the L2. In the first chapter, they discussed the major issues that arose during the research.The chapters that follows, the primary research studied is that conducted in L2 classrooms, in simulations of language classrooms, or in semi-instructional, tutoring interactions between teachers or L2 speakers and language learners.Many theories, hypotheses and approaches were formed and used in these research. But ther e was a memo in the start of the chapter, it says that the fact that this control is reviewing research on the precedent issues does not guarantee that the research will provide unambiguous answers to them. Its because the research that was done in this book has not yet been proven to be accurate.The purpose of this book has been to attempt to elucidate the critical issues and findings of research in and about second language classrooms. While the studies reviewed here clearly are not always as rigorous or convincing as we would like, the past ten years of classroom-oriented research is impressive in the breadth and depth of study of a variety of issues, when virtually every study was groundbreaking in one respect or another- methodology, research questions, population studied, analytical techniques applied.At the similar time, second language instruction has been gaining importance, as more people throughout the world find the need to acquire one or more second languages. There is diversification in the specific purposes of language instruction, an increase in language schools and programs, and an expansion in training programs for second language teachers, researchers, and program developers. For these reasons alone, second language classroom research has an important role to play.ReflectionI think this book is quite the catch. Especially if you are an English major like me. This book helped me to understand a bit more the importance of second language acquisition. I already know from my ESL/EFL class that learning a second language is important, but this book made me realize that acquiring a second language will be very advantageous for me.Because if I learn my second language perfectly, I know that I will be more confident in myself. And that I can be globally competitive. This book does not only talk about second language acquisition, it also talks about classroom-oriented research. In the classroom-oriented research they tackled the nature of the teac her and the behavior of the students.They precious to know what are the factors that affect the L2 leaner in acquiring language and how can they overcome these if they were to be problems, and how can they improve it if it were a solutions. In this book there were also hypotheses theories, and approaches that were formed and used.The setting that was used is the classroom, and that the main subjects are the teachers and the learners. This book is a big help in understanding second language acquisition. Although some words are a bit hard to understand , I will still recommend this book to anyone who is interested in learning and acquiring a second language. And also to my fellow majors, because I know this book will be a big help in our studies.