Behind The Scenes - 1639 Words

Behind the Scenes Behold ye among the heathen, and regard, and wonder marvelously: for I will work a work in your days which ye will not believe, though it be told you. - Habakkuk 1:5 Where did God fit in the equation, and how would all the following elements shape His plan: my husband, my supervisor, my transformed ambition to enroll into college, my college professors, and my career job choices? There I stood, without a college degree, in the office of my supervisor, an astute college professor, and the department’s chairperson. I left the law school (in March 1998) and got a new job at the main campus. I worked in the School of Education, Department of Educational Administration Policy (EAP) at Howard University. I worked as the†¦show more content†¦I discovered that â€Å"higher education† has various meanings depending upon the individuals and their demographic area. For instance, if middle school students are victims of living in a poor country, their academic resources are scarce. This means, from their view, moving from middle school and into high school sounds like a form of higher education, but most Americans look at higher education as education that takes place after they finish high school. When I said, â€Å"after high school,† I opened a new discussion. For example, I discovered that not all high school graduates go straight to college. Their personal duties might influence their decision to go back into a classroom. In some cases, but not all situations, there might be a few students who join the military, start a family, or move into our competitive job market. Once they retire from the military and their children have left home, they get tired of sitting at home or working in a low paying job. Have you seen today’s college classrooms? The face-to-face and virtual classrooms are packed with non-traditional students— 25 years or older; a traditional student is between the ages of 17 and 25. Due to a rise of older adults in the traditional classroom, a new type of learner is carved out: the adult learner. According to Vice President of Academic Affairs, Dr. Ed. Lawrence A. Tomei, and author of Designing Instruction for the Traditional, Adult, and Distance Learner: A New Engine for Technology-Based

The Festival With The Short Film Beasts - 786 Words

Hi, I’m Rui Neto from Setà ºbal, I’m 26 years old, and I’m in the festival with the short film ‘Beasts’. Hi, I’m Joana from Caneà §as, I’m 24 years old, and I’m in the festival with the short film ‘Beasts’. How the atmosphere that surrounds us make us who we are? For us, this is the main theme in the film. The story itself is about a kid, Lucas, who urges to be a man, but that urge ends up tricking him since he hasn’t the courage to become a man and involves himself with some characters that are the predators of that jungle in the film. Not having that courage he doesn’t know how to manage all that. My inspirational film is ‘A Prophet’ by Jacques Audiard. My inspirational film is also by Jacques Audiard, ‘Rust and Bone’. It came up from the eagerness of wanting to explore that space, those characters and the almost animalistic atmosphere. When I got in there I felt that everything was possible. There, everything is possible, and people can really be whoever they want to be. That space ends up transforming us, and the characters, and therefore it becomes also a character itself. An actor or actress who fit well in my movies? I would say Tom Hardy and Charlize Theron for all the reasons. An actor or actress who fit well in my movies? It could be Christian Bale and Jennifer Lawrence who is on the rise and in whom I believe. Two days before shooting we had a kid who gave up, leaving us without an actor for a period of time. Then, Guilherme came up. At that time, it was Rogà ©rio whoShow MoreRelatedDesigning A Remake Centric Film Festival From A Project Essay1443 Words   |  6 Pagescreate a remake centric film festival from a project I did in another film class. In that class, my group and I decided to do a presentation on horror film remakes. While trying to decide on while two films to talk about, I found that a multitude of horror films had been remade. 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El Norte was the first American independent film to receive an Oscar nomination for Best Original Screenplay (IMDb.com, Inc., 1990-2012). The film El Norte is about a brother named Enrique and a sister named Rosa. Enrique and Rosa are on a quest to get out of the ethnic and politicalRead MorePalestinian-Israeli Conflict from the Perspective of Palestinian Filmmaker2441 Words   |  10 PagesInstitution Palestinian-Israeli Conflict from the Perspective of Palestinian Filmmaker The Palestinian movie industry has significantly grown in the resent past despite the challenge they face with majority of the movies coming from different sources of film production. There lack adequate equipments that are used to produce the movies, and this poses a great challenge to the industry. Lack of funds to finance the movie production, further, poses a greater challenge in the industry. The various PalestinianRead MorePalestinian-Israeli Conflict from the Perspective of Palestinian Filmmakers2472 Words   |  10 PagesInstitution Palestinian-Israeli Conflict from the Perspective of Palestinian Filmmaker The Palestinian movie industry has significantly grown in the resent past despite the challenge they face with majority of the movies coming from different sources of film production. There lack adequate equipments that are used to produce the movies, and this poses a great challenge to the industry. Lack of funds to finance the movie production, further, poses a greater challenge in the industry. The various PalestinianRead MoreThe Orgins of Greek Theatre2397 Words   |  10 Pagesit proved to be a monumental change within theatre and he was known as the first actor the term â€Å"thespian† has now been given to every actor since (Schanker and Ommanney 298). These rituals then evolved into dramatic contests and became part of a festival that lasted around five to six days. 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Social Media at Ibm and a Case Study of Yammer at Deloitte Free Essays

IT InfrastructureSession 01 Social Media at IBM IBM has been aggressively using social media to tie its far-flung and huge workforce together and, without a doubt, also with a mind towards selling these technologies as part of its service offering. IBM’s Beehive Social Network is a glimpse of how social networks might be used and received in the future. It is an Internet-based social networking site that gives IBM staff a â€Å"rich connection to the people they work with,† both professionally and personally. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media at Ibm and a Case Study of Yammer at Deloitte or any similar topic only for you Order Now Using it, employees can make new connections, track current friends and co-workers, and renew contact with people they have worked with in the past. In the first nine months of use, over 35,000 registered IBM employees created over 280,000 social network connections to each other, posted more than 150,000 comments, shared more than 43,000 photos, created about 15,000 ‘Hive5s,’ and hosted more than 2,000 events. Beehive seems to be succeeding â€Å"to help IBM employees meet the challenge of building the relationships vital to working in large, distributed enterprises. † Ref: IBM Watson Research Center (2008) â€Å"Project: Beehive†, available at http://domain. watson. ibm. com/cambridgeresearch. nsf/0/8b6d4cd68f, last accessed 28 Feb 2013. A Case Study of Yammer at Deloitte Social media technologies are making fast inroads into organisations. In the context of knowledge intensive work the propositions of improving communication, information sharing and user involvement seem particularly promising. However, the role and impact of social technologies in enterprises in general, and knowledge work in particular, are still not well understood, despite emerging scholarly works in this field. Our case investigates emerging communicative work practices on the Enterprise Social Networking platform Yammer within Deloitte Australia. We uncover a set of emerging practices enabled by the platform within the case company and reflect on our results in the context of the knowledge-intensive nature of professional service work. We find that Yammer in the case company has become 1) an information-sharing channel, 2) a space for crowd-sourcing ideas, 3) a place for finding expertise and solving problems, and most importantly 4) a conversation medium for context and relationship building. Ref: Riemer, K, Scifleet, P Reddig, R (2012), â€Å"Powercrowd: Enterprise Social Networking in Professional Service Work: A Case Study of Yammer at Deloitte Australia†, available at http://hdl. handle. net/2123/8352, last accessed 28 Feb 2013. 1. What aspects of social media technologies do the above case studies illustrate? †¢ Information sharing †¢ Communication †¢ Joint problem sharing †¢ Discussion forums †¢ Networking †¢ Events management †¢ Generation of ideas/innovation 2. What other examples of the use of social media technologies for corporate communication are you aware of? Facebook for marketing, discussion boards, event notification †¢ Dropbox for document sharing, joint authorship †¢ Google docs for document sharing, joint authorship †¢ Google talk, Skype for voice and video communications †¢ Linkedin for networking, profile, job seeking, employ seeking, outsourcing †¢ Share-point for document sharing, discussion board, joint authorship 3. To what extent can / should an IT Infrastructure Manager control the extent and mode of use of social media technologies? Can / Should Control Use |Cannot / Should Not Control Use | |Control access to some social media, such as personal email |Access to information | |accounts that deliberately bypass corporate mail pathways |Use of personal communication devices, especially for personal | |Access to and storage of certain type of content (pornography,|communication | |racial, anti-social) |Downloading of apps to non-corporate devices | |Privacy of corporate data – identifying realms of privacy: |Communication outside of work hours | |confidential, internally confidential, public, potentially |External threats – hacking, invasion, blocking, loss of | |public |external security | |Censorship of inappropriate non-professional communication – | | |through policies governance | | 4. What are some implications of these devel opments in the use of social media technologies for the management of existing corporate IT infrastructures? †¢ The company needs to choice between hard censorship approach, or open communication sharing approach Need to provide training and education for staff to understanding guidelines and penalties †¢ Need protection against external threats by between fire-walls and software management †¢ Need a communication policy framework that covers all aspects of information communication, storage, access and use within the company †¢ Need to have staff sign communication agreements, based on these policies and completion of training and education †¢ Want a better understanding of what social media are used in the company, how they are currently used and how they may be used 5. Are social media technologies really any different from the technology used in existing corporate IT infrastructures? Social Media Technologies ARE Different |Social Media Technologies AREN ’T Different | |Global scope of communication and exposure |Underlying motivations are similar | |Policies of social media providers |Underlying mechanisms and technology are the same | |Motivation of social media – recognition, networking, |Accessibility is the same | |crowd-sourcing, accessibility, to make money |Company needs to manage different levels of access and rights | |Relative to the existing infrastructure of the organisation |to publish company information | |Higher functionality has a different purpose | | |Based on equity of access and right to publish | | How to cite Social Media at Ibm and a Case Study of Yammer at Deloitte, Free Case study samples

Group Process of Audience Community †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Group Process of Audience Community. Answer: Introduction: I will be talking to my audience (alcohol abusers) in the community which will take place in the Community Hall twice a week as a facilitator. I will start by introducing myself, telling the audience my names and my profession as well as the topic of our discussion and its importance. I will give each participant 30 seconds to introduce himself or herself by telling us his/her name, where he/she comes from and his/her profession. After introduction, I will have an interactive ten minutes session to set the grounds rules to guide our participative course. Each and every one will be given an opportunity to propose any rules and then I will write them down including respect for ones opinion, talking only when given chance, raising hands when one want to talk, have a respect disagreement, no accusation, no name calling, no interruption when one is giving his or her contribution, respect for group time and serious consideration for comments. I will have the group elect their leaders including chairperson, secretary, energizer, organizing secretary, time-keeper and welfare. I will explain and assign each leader his/her roles and responsibilities. I will then give the group general overview of what the whole sessions will cover and look like. Though classified as a depressant, the quantity of alcohol consumed dictates the kind of effects. Many people drink alcohol (beer) for stimulant effects to loosen them up. However, where an individual consumes more alcohol than his or her body can handle, he will experience the depressant effect of alcohol. Is alcohol that bad? It is well-unraveled that overconsumption of alcohol, is bad for a person, even if it is done every once in a while. Alcohol is an addictive substance and hence affect the body by inducing a chemical-imbalance emerging from a cycle of pleasure alongside tension. Drinking alcohol for the first time leads to a euphoric- or high- feeling. Alcohol will trigger brain damage through binge drinking through blackouts, loss of memory alongside anxiety. Long-term consumption of alcohol leads to permanent damage to brain, severe mental health challenges alongside alcoholism/dependence on alcohol. Because alcohol is depressant, any amount consumed makes a person probably to get blues. Overconsumption is harmful to brain and hence depression. Drinking too much alcohol will make one likely to reach bad decision besides impulse-action. Alcohol will also dehydrates the body including skin-largest organ of the body when consumed. Too much drinking deprives your skin of important vitamins alongside nutrients. Heavy drinking over time will have more permanent and detrimental effects of ones skin. An apple a day keeps a doctor away, but what about a beer or alcohol a day? To this end, I will let the participants ponder about the question and give their opinions on the adverse health effects of alcohol consumption. Participants will be allowed to even share their real-life experiences. Power Presentation on Effects of Alcohol In this session, I will run a power point presentation with images and photos to help comprehensively showcase the effects of alcohol consumption on the person. I will showcase how alcohol consumption affects and change the life both physically and emotionally, and how such effects will severely end up. At this juncture, I will undertake an activity whereby the audience would be split into smaller groups of three or five members. I will have each group assigned a particular adverse effect of alcohol and discuss it in details amongst themselves including real-life experience. The discussion will be limited to five minutes and each group will present their findings by coming in front and share their opinions. Each audience from other groups will have the opportunity to ask presenting-group questions or additions. After groups presentation, I will summarize by recapping all what each group had discussed. We will then take a break of 15 minutes for welfare and then come back to proceed i n the next session. In session 4, I will be talking about ways in which the audience can stop the consumption of alcohol. I will showcase ways in which we can work together as a team to stop addiction. To begin with, I will have each audience give suggestion or opinion on how and what can be done to effect change and write them down on the white board. Once everyone shall have talked and suggested the particularly ways of stopping addiction, I will peruse them, discussing them comprehensively. I will add any important way that might have been left out by the audience and explain why I felt it was worth being included. Before starting this session, I will have the energizer take us through energizing moment of five minutes so as to begin the new session with freshness. Once we have energized, which could include singing or stretching, I will introduce the audience on what session 5 would entail. This session will include sharing experiences of those who have successfully fought their addiction. I will have people who were once engaged in binge drinking but have subsequently stopped drinking to share their experiences. They will not be limited solely to their experiences personally, they will be given a latitude to even share about their friends, neighbors, relatives and family members who have subsequently stopped drinking. In case we have those who have relapsed, they will be given extra opportunity to share with the group the particular means through which they succeeded in the first place and the reasons or situations that made them revert. They will also be free to share with us what they think they could have done best to avoid relapse including particular places. Conclusion: In this session, I will play a one-hour movie/video for my audience detailing how consumption of alcohol starts, subsequent addiction, its effects and how one can stop the addiction. While watching, I will have them take keen interest and note down key points from the video. At the end of the video, I will talk to participants about the movie to add key points they might overlooked and how we can stop addiction. I will then have them resort to their earlier groupings as done in session 3 to make a poster of addiction to alcohol with inspirational words regarding how it affects individuals. I will them direct the audience to select a spot where each group would post their respective posters to create awareness on negative effects of alcohol. I will have a follow-up activity whereby I will ask the participants to share how their life had changed following the sessions. I will ask them whether they have stopped or they have helped their friends or any other person stopped addiction. I will also ask about the impacts of their posters on creation of awareness in the community. The goals following the sessions will a clear understanding about alcohol and that it is deplorable. I will have the audience leave with understanding that many alternatives exist to quit alcohol. I will gauge if such goals are accomplished through follow-up when I meet my audience after 20 days on what they have done to quit and create awareness. I had an incredible experience facilitating my audience. I managed to spread awareness and assist my audience personally and educate them on how to spread awareness to stop addiction spread in the community.

Abolition of the British Monarchy essays

Abolition of the British Monarchy essays My chosen topic is the issue of whether the British monarchy should be abolished. I believe that it should and I have four main reasons to support my views and I believe that I can persuade royalists that the idea of a monarchy should be abandoned. The four reasons are firstly the effect the British monarchy has on the idea of a democracy, the effects they have on society, the political powers they behold and the money spent both on and by them. The royal family is under fire from many quarters over their marital mishaps and financial indiscretions. But the problems with the royals go far deeper than that. I see the existence of the monarchy as a symbol of much that is wrong with British society and its political system today. Increasing democracy is by far the most important and powerful reason to ditch the monarchy. The word democracy is ultimately derived from a term comprised of demos the people and kratos strength and power. So basically democracy means the power lies in the hands of the people. In most developed countries, this entails the direct election of a Parliament and an elected head of state. Unfortunately, Britain has lagged behind other developed countries in both these areas. Our head of state and, until recently, the majority of the House of Lords assumed power and influence solely because of which families they were born into. This makes Britain a relatively undemocratic country in an increasingly democratic world. Rule by inheritance in general makes no sense and cannot be justified nowadays. To have the title of Head of State passed through heredity is just ridiculous. The monarchy is unaccountable, insular secretive, unrepresentative and illogical. Not enviable qualities in the twenty- first century. A modern, forward-looking state needs and elected Head of State not least because this represents a symbol of the countrys intentions and essentia...

Atomic Bombs Essays

Atomic Bombs Essays Atomic Bombs Essay Atomic Bombs Essay Composition II miou Have Atomic Bombs, but We Have Suicide Bombers In Rohdes article we learn of his experience as a hostage in Afghanistan and Pakistan. He explains the Islamic cultures and values, but shows us his view on them. Their cultures have some similarities, but more differences. We both have religions, but Americans approach their religion differently and less violently. Americas whole reality and country differs greatly from the Talibans society. The Talibans reality differs from ours, because they have rules and customs for many things. Here in America we have rules and customs, but we look at them more as laws, because that is what they are. If you dont follow them you either receive a fine or you are arrested and brought to Jail or prison. In Afghanistan and Pakistan if you do not follow the Talibans rules you will either get kidnapped, tortured or killed by one of their soldiers. Unlike in the U. S. they would force you to read the Koran in Afghanistan, to press you to convert to their religions if you wanted to do it or not. In the U. S. ou ave the freedom to choose which religious group you want to be a part of, of course others will have their opinions, but you are still free to do what you want. Religious zealotry plays a big role in the Talibans society. They would put fear into the hearts of anyone who did not want to convert to their religions. The kidnappers would tell the hostages that If I fail to convert, they said, I would suffer excruciating pain in the fires of hell, as said by David Rhode. Most of the time they have no choice but to ead the Koran and learn about their religions or the hostages will receive cruel punishment. In the U. S. religious zealotry isnt very common, but there are people who take religion seriously. They go to church very often, read the bible, and try to spread their religion, but never try to force or threaten people to Join their religious groups in a violent manner. Along with religion war is another problem in the Taliban society. Their Jihad is similar to our Just wars; they both have to be waged by a higher power, and their mains goals are to make peace and avoid wanton estruction. Just war starts with a Just cause; Jihad has to be committed in the name of God and freedom. Jihads are more based on religion than our Just wars, but still have similar rules. Rohdes view can be considered biased, because he was being held hostage by soldiers in Afghanistan which is something that happens often. He isnt a part of the Taliban society so he doesnt know their customs or values; hes used to Americas society, so that can also make his view biased. They are two completely different societies and being born in one can alter your view on other ocieties. He tried to spread his own beliefs, but that never worked, because the guards barely spoke any English and they are faithful to their own beliefs. The lack of communication also can make Rohdes views biased, the guards only knew a little bit of English which made it harder for the guards to communicate while trying to convert him to their Taliban and Islamic cultures. Reading the Koran Rohdes learned a little of their religion, but not what they wanted him to learn, because he would sometimes reTuse to convert. In Ronaes artlcle we can learn tnat not every soclety Is similar to ours. In the many religious groups out there, there are many different rules, customs, and values. Sometimes violence is used heavily to convert people or to punish the wrong doers of a society, such as the Talibans Jihad which is war in the name of God and freedom. Afghanistan takes their religion to war, America doesnt. Our wars have to be a Just cause authorized by a legitimate authority. This can be anyone with higher power that is involved with the government. Jihad must be nitiated by the caliph or his delegate, the caliph is the religious leader. Other than the violent kidnappers and the soldiers holding people hostage and killing them I learned that there are societies that take religion much more seriously than America does. mtholyoke. edu/†witwe22k/classweb/politics/Jihad. html Katie Witwer. Just War vs. Jihad 2010 nytimes. com/2009/10/20/world/asia/20hostage. html? pagewanted=all David Rohde. mfou Have Atomic Bombs, but We Have Suicide Bombers. The New York Times. 19 October 2009.

Response assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Response - Assignment Example â€Å"Cameron (†¦.) defines several different kinds of research based on relationships between researchers and those they are researching, including ETHICAL RESEARCH, ADVOCACY RESEARCH, and EMPOWERING RESEARCH.† (Wolfram et al 1119). The significance of this sentence lies in the fact that it introduces the reader to modes of research in social linguistics. It further explains the relevance of these types of research to both researchers and the communities being researched on. b) Several examples can be used in applying this principle. One is through video documentaries, whereby a certain community is given a live recording. The other one is museum exhibits where significant certain data are publicized. 6) Another principle of sociolinguistic engagement is the intrinsic connection between language differences and socio historical, sociocultural, and regional traditions (p. 1113). The above quotation means that language differences are influenced by certain issues in which a community has in common. This includes historical, cultural and regional traditions shared amongst the individuals. For example, I have realized that immigrants from a certain community tend to speak a variation of vernacular from the members of the same community born or raised up in the US. 7. As a group of undergraduate students, the following event can be organized to give something back to a community researched on. The project would involve the Tangier community in a tiny island in Virginia. The event would be about a unique cultural practice which would attract tourist and interest groups. The goal of the event would be to create awareness of the community and their unique dialect. The event will be provided by linguistics, community developers and other non-political interest groups. It will focus on benefitting the Tangier community. This proposal is an example of a valid and reliable

Stress is a social construct. Discuss Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Stress is a social construct. Discuss - Essay Example What stress does to the psyche of man is something to gain comprehension from. This has put the different manifestations of mankind under quite a lot of worry since criminal issues have come to the fore due to stress and its different predicaments. This paper will outline the ways and means through which stress could be seen from a psychological perspective and under the auspices of the criminological fields. Research within the related domains of psychology has revealed that stress causes quite a number of problems for the people who are in authority positions. These people seem to experience stress when they are denied their due rights by the people who are senior to them or have more commanding dignity than them. Then there are other issues within these positions like gender harassment, inequality in wages, non-payment of dues, denial of leaves, etc which makes them feel even more stressed than they were before. Thus it would not be wrong to suggest that stress is one such tangent that negatively reinforces one’s energy levels to do something wrong or one that is ethically unacceptable. Having said that criminology takes its basis from similar settings of stress, and therefore the fact that criminology has been highlighted as a significant aspect in the studies related with psychology of stress and anxiety has all the more bearing on the subject at hand. Stress makes the worker s feel disjointed from their work regimes; they lack the alertness when it comes to their respective performance levels and have an overall feel of dizziness and boredom on the job (Desmond 2001). They want to do something different but the daily grind of work starts to take its toll on their bodies. The fact that they are not given the room to exploit their true strengths and just concentrate upon getting the job at hand done for the sake of meeting the deadlines, makes them feel itchy and irritated. Thus stress starts triggering them for

Molecular Basis of Disease Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Molecular Basis of Disease - Lab Report Example People lacking the absorption ability of vitamin B12 remain with the disease for the rest of their lives. Parietal cells found in the gastric cells are responsible for production of hydrochloric acid which is important in digestion as it provides a favorable medium for enzyme reaction. The serum found from patients having this disease react with ? and ? sub units. The antibodies are used for diagnostic purposes. This experiment involves testing of serum of antibodies from various patients to determine if they react with the sodium pump which contains ? and ? sub units. This will help in diagnosing pernicious anemia. A mouse is used in this experiment since its stomach structure is similar to that of a man. A primary antibody and a secondary antibody are also used in this experiment as they react with the mouse antigens. Anti proton pump of a human being can also cross react with proteins of the mouse making the mouse a favorable specimen for the experiment. From the experiment we exp ect antibody response to help us diagnose pernicious anemia. Aims The aim of this experiment is to determine whether samples from patients contain antibodies and also to diagnose patients having the disease through Western blotting; Immuno histochemistry using the gastric proton pump. Materials and Methods The materials used includes; SDS polyacrylamide gel (80%, resolving gel 40% upper stacking gel), Gel running buffer (25 mM Tris, pH 5.3, 0.192M Glycerin, 0.1% SDS), Gel apparatus, power supply, mouse stomach protein,5? SDS sample buffer (0.315 Tris, pH 6.8, 25% glycerol 10% SDS, 5% 2-beta mercaptoethanol, 0.025% Bromophenol blue), Protein MW standards, heat block, Gel loading tips, transfer apparatus, transfer buffer (25mM Tris, 192mM glycine,20% methanol), nitrocellulose membrane, filter paper, 0.1% Ponceau in1% acetic acid, 0.1M NaoH, TBS Tris buffered saline, Blocking solution TBS containing 5% skim milk powder. Materials required to obtain a mouse stomach include; a slide cont aining section of mouse stomach, xylene, hemoglobin, acid alcohol, Scott’s tap water, eosin, DPX mounting media and cover slips. Procedure to obtain mouse stomach morphology The slide containing mouse stomach is incubated in xylene and ethanol for two minutes respectively. After this the slide is rinsed in tap water for 30 seconds. The slide is then incubated in the hemoglobin for 2 minutes. The slide is rinsed again in tap water for 30 seconds after which it is placed in 1% acid alcohol for 3 seconds after which it is rinsed again in tap water for 30 seconds. The slide is incubated in Scott’s tap water for 30 seconds after which it is swashed in water for 30 seconds. The slide is then placed in eosin for 4minutes and excess is blotted off by a paper towel. The slide is then placed in 80% ethanol and again 90% after which the slide is incubated in ethanol for 2 minutes then allowed to air dry. A drop of DPX mounting medium is placed on the section and then covered by a cover slip. An observation is made under the microscope and diagrams made as follows. Fig 1 showing a mouse stomach with Haematoxylin To prepare the stomach protein sample, 200Â µl of protein is placed into a microfuge tube and 50Â µl 5? SDS sample buffer is added. The marker and the protein sample tubes are spine for a few seconds to bring the liquid to the bottom of the tube. The MW markers and proteins are then loaded using a special gel loading tips. The apparatus is then connected to a power supply of 200V and run for 1 hour until

Study on the human kidney and kidney stones

Study on the human kidney and kidney stones There are normally two kidneys in humans. The kidneys are small organs which can be found behind the abdominal cavity in a space called the retroperitoneum. They are approximately at the vertebral level of T12 to L3. The kidney participates in whole-body homeostasis, excretion and releases important hormones. Small, solid masses called kidney stones may form when salts or minerals, which are normally found in urine, become solid crystals inside the kidney. These crystals are normally too small to be become aware of, and pass harmlessly out of the body. However, they can build up inside your kidney and form much larger kidney stones. If a stone becomes large enough, it may begin to move out of the kidney and progress through the ureter (a tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder). A kidney stone can become stuck at various parts of the ureter or kidney causing pain, infection and occasionally kidney damage. These kidney stones can be in many different shapes and sizes. The peak age for kidney stones is between 20 years old and 50 years old. The risk of having kidney stones in males is three to four times larger than in females. Other diseases like high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, chronic diarrhoea, or kidney cysts might increase the risk of having kidney stones as well. If the patient has previously had a kidney stone then he/she will have a 50 percent chance of developing another one within five years. A family history of kidney stones also increases the risk of developing kidney stones (cvstine stones). Kidney stones form when there is a decrease in urine volume and/or an excess of stone-forming substances in the urine. The most common type of kidney stones present contains calcium in combination with either oxalate or phosphate. Other chemical complexes that can form kidney stones in the urinary tract include uric acid and the amino acid cystine. Dehydration from reduced fluid intake, excessive sweating, or strenuous exercise without adequate fluid replacement may lead to the formation of kidney stones. Obstruction to the flow of urine can also lead to kidney stone formation. Kidney stones can also result from infection in the urinary tract; these are known as struvite or infection stones. Ingesting too much sugar, salts, and/or protein may lead to the formation of kidney stones as well. This is due to protein containing amino acids (which includes cystine); fructose is a sugar which some individuals metabolize into oxalate. Many different medical conditions may also lead to the fo rmation of kidney stones. These medical conditions include gout (which results in an increased amount of uric acid in the urine and can lead to the formation of uric acid stones.), Hypercalciuria (too much calcium is absorbed from food and excreted into the urine, where it may form calcium phosphate or calcium oxalate stones.), hyperparathyroidism, cystinuria and hyperoxaluria. Medication may also lead to kidney stone formation. These medications include some diuretics, some chemotherapy medicines for cancer and some medication used to treat HIV and AIDS. The presence of kidney stones may cause the patient to have symptoms of sudden pains in their abdomen, lower back, or/and groin area. Renal colic may occur in severe cases, which is accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Kidney stones also cause blood to be present in urine; this is caused by the kidney stone rubbing with the wall of the ureter. Sometimes symptoms such as frequent urination, difficulty in urinating, and testicular pain may also occur. Fevers and chills may occur as well when the patient has kidney stones as well as an infection in the urinary tract. The diagnosis of kidney stones is suspected by the typical pattern of symptoms when other possible causes of the abdominal or side pains are excluded. Imaging tests are usually done to confirm the diagnosis. There are 2 methods that can be used to detect kidney stones, the helical CT scan (which detects any obstruction in the urinary tract without any contrast material) and the intravenous pyelogram (IVP: an X-ray of the abdomen along with the administration of contrast dye into the bloodstream). Helical CT scans have been shown to be a significantly more effective diagnostic tool than the IVP in the diagnosis of kidney or urinary tract stones. In pregnant women or those who should avoid radiation exposure, an ultrasound examination may be done to help establish the diagnosis. There are many methods of removing a kidney stone. Most kidney stones eventually pass through the urinary tract on their own within 48 hours, with ample fluid intake. Pain medications are used for symptom relief. For kidney stones that do not pass on their own, a procedure called extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is often used. In this procedure, shock waves are used to break up a large stone into smaller pieces that can then pass through the urinary system. Surgical techniques have also been developed to remove kidney stones when other treatment methods are not successful or helpful. This may be done through a small incision in the skin (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) or through an instrument known as an ureteroscope, which is passed through the urethra and bladder up into the ureter. Rather than having to undergo treatment, it is best to avoid the formation of kidney stones in the first place when possible. It can be especially helpful to drink more water, since low fluid intake and dehydration are the major risk factors for kidney stone formation. Depending on the cause of the kidney stones and an individuals medical history, dietary and lifestyle changes and/or medications are sometimes recommended to decrease the likelihood of developing further kidney stones.

The Lady Her Porch And Her Chair :: essays research papers

The Lady,Her Porch, and Her Chair Once there lived an old lady named Clair Higgins. Every summer day she would sit out on her porch in her rocking chair drinking lemonade and reading a book. She looked like a nice person, but rumor had it that she was a mean old lady. Some people say that she killed her husband, others say that her husband ran away from her. It was so hard to believe though. Clair didn't look anything like a mean person. She looked so gentle and kind. She hair fair skin and rosy cheeks. Her hair was a shinny silver-gray,and it was fairly long. Her lips were plush and pink,all this surprising at her age. Most women her age have thinning gray hair and lots of wrinkles. That was another thing that was weird about her, she had few wrinkles. She doesn't look all that tall and she's fairly skinny. I've never seen her smile, she looks so lonely. Or maybe the book she is reading is just sad. Even though she doesn't smile, I still think that she is kind at heart. Just because her husband isn't around doesn't mean she killed him. Maybe he died of old age or is in a nursing home. Wherever he is, people have no right talking about her and saying stuff that they don't even know is true. Her porch is in pretty good condition. It looks like a comforting place to sit out on nice days. Except for the few cobwebs that have gathered in the corners it looks nice. The steps are cement and there are flower beds surrounding the porch, with beautiful flowers in them. They were so pretty that they lit up the whole house,and you would just want walk up to them and smell each one. It makes me wonder though, how do those flowers get there? Clair is always reading her book or looking out into the sky. What am I saying, there probably annual bulbs. Her porch had a roof, protecting her from the sun on hot days and it protected her from the rain on rainy days. One the roof is a light so she can read in the dark. The porch made a silent creaking sound as she rocked back and forth. On the porch was a table where she set her lemonade down each day. It also held her blanket and a candle for when she got a chill.

Quality Control Department Essay

In an attempt to cut costs in the Quality Control Department of XYZ Deli, it is important to first identify the costs to determine which aspects of the company’s quality control process can be eliminated, if any at all. Quality control costs can be divided into three different classifications. These classifications are prevention costs, appraisal costs and failure costs (Stevenson, 2008). Prevention costs are costs generated in the process of impeding product mistakes or flaws in order to supply customers with XYZ Deli brand quality products or to improve current products. Prevention costs are the most indispensable of the quality control costs. It is less expensive and much less difficult to repair a flaw or defect before the product reaches the customer. Prevention costs include not only planning and administrative procedure costs, but also education/training and increased equipment maintenance costs. It is important that all employees are trained accurately throughout the quality control process in order to produce XYZ Deli quality products and to ensure a decline in the possibility of erroneous design and productivity (Stevenson, 2008). Possible tradeoffs for this cost would be if employees are not trained properly, ensuring the job is being done correctly; may result in the production of unsatisfactory product. This could potentially create loss of sales or opportunity costs because the products are being poorly produced. However, increasing the time spent training employees could delay the production process. This would also create opportunity costs because the product would take longer to get  to the customer. While prevention costs are most vital, appraisal costs are necessary to ensure customers are being provided with the high quality products expected from the XYZ Deli brand. This would include costs of inspection of products to determine if product standards and parameters are being met, as well as to detect any product flaws. An example of appraisal costs is inspection costs. Inspection costs are incurred during the quality testing process. This includes the cost of the inspection facility and inspector auditor salaries, as well as any materials, appliances or tools used to test XYZ Deli brand products (Stevenson, 2008). A potential tradeoff to not inspecting product could also allow defective product to reach the customer, creating opportunity costs. Poorly produced products will not be well received. At any rate, the tradeoff for properly inspecting all the product being produced could set back the time it takes for the product to reach the market; also creating opportunity costs. Finally, failure costs are generated when components of the product or the product itself is faulty. Failure costs can be either internal or external. Internal failures are those detected in one of the production phases; before the product reaches the customer. There are numerous issues that contribute to an internal failure; such issues include: faulty materials received, improper handling of material, defective equipment, and improper use of equipment. Examples of internal failure costs are loss of production time, worthless material and the cost of regenerating previous work and/or the rebuilding of the product, as well as the cost of inspecting the reworked product. Other examples of internal failures include possible damage to equipment; possible safety issues causing employee injuries. External failures are failures that are identified after the customer has received the product. Such issues are not discovered during production or inspection process. These costs are much more expensive and much more difficult to correct because the product has already reached the consumer. Examples of a failure costs include managing customer complaints, accountability and possible litigation. Overseeing warranty issues, providing replacements and payments are also examples of failure costs. An  important failure costs to avoid is the loss of customer loyalty (Stevenson, 2008). Not only does XYZ Deli want to recruit new customers, it is important to retain current valued customers. Not finding a way to take care of the consumer may give the company a poor reputation, creating more opportunity costs. While each of these costs is expensive, they are necessary in maintaining the reputation of a growing company, such as XYZ Deli. Prevention appraisal costs are the preferable way to disperse funds because they prevent failure costs. Failure costs are much more expensive for the company, not only in terms of money, but also in terms of the company’s reputation, good will and the ability to retain current valued customers. If XYZ Deli spends the time and money on the appropriate such as ensuring proper training in production and inspection, the company will save money in the future. References Stevenson, W. (2008). Operations management (10th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill ISBN-13: 978-0-07-337784-1.

Teach Your Children Well Essays - Justice, Philosophy Of Law

Teach Your Children Well Essays - Justice, Philosophy Of Law Teach Your Children Well New California law states that it is up to the prosecutors in a case as to whether minors are charged as adults for violent crimes. What should a judge do when eight boys from suburban middle class families, confess to armed robbery and assault and battery of five Hispanic immigrant farm workers? In this case, one must realize what a delicate situation this has come to be. If tried as adults these eight boys could spend their next sixteen years in juvenile detention. They were described as being 'good boys' with no other marks on their records. With only one reason for committing such a crime, these boys need to face their racism while justice is being served, with non-traditional punishment that will teach an unforgettable lesson. As upper-middle class, above-average students, even some athletes, these boys obviously do not know what life is all about. Authorities said that the boys were specifically looking for Hispanic workers to attack, so that shows the boys had some type of motive. In this day and age where Americans have a need to be treated as equal; equal opportunity employers, equal rights for men, women, African-American, Chinese-American, and every other group of people in this country, one would think that somewhere along the line children would get the message that we are all the same. Children should be taught to love, not hate. It is painful to see such a crime committed just for the mere fact that they were different. Didn't hate crimes end in the sixties? Why is it that still parents cannot or will not instill in their children ideals of an equal human race? Black or white, brown or red, rich or poor, aren't we all the same when you turn out the lights? I am not saying that I think this is ent irely the parents' fault, but they do need to take blame. At the age these boys are at, their parents are some of their few role models, and they always will be, but at this age, parents are the most influential people in a child's life, nothing can come close to a mother's scorn, or a fathers praise. In that sense too, children believe in what their parents believe in, not because it is right, but because it is the only way they know. So, parents should watch when they say they hate someone or some group and we should all try to be better people, for the sake of our children. (Gil Garcetti 588-590) In a crime this violent, considering the assailants and their victims, a measure of justice needs to be served. The assailants need to take responsibility for their actions. However, sixteen years in a juvenile detention facility does not seem the best answer. James Twitchell believes that, In recent years the dispensers of the law are finally realizing that shame has a place in punishment. (602) And so, there needs to be a way of measuring how the boys are rehabilitated, and their community needs to be involved, as well as their parents and friends. Justice means fairness. It means righteousness, impartiality, honesty, and integrity. Justice should be measured by the victims themselves, they should get to see their assailants suffer and learn from their mistakes. That is what justice is all about. These boy assailants need to witness justice first hand in order for it to have any affect ct on them. (Garcetti 588-590) A punishment that can validate such a hiesous crime needs to be quite creative. One could just shout An eye for an eye! As Mark Costanzo concedes, even the often misinterpreted 'eye for an eye' passage in the bible was meant to restrain rather than require vengeance. (592) But that is not how our judicial system works, although it would be fair. Still there are others, like Bradley O'Leary who implies that the punishmentshould fit the crime, not the age of the violent offender. As a society, we cannot show any sympathy for, or excuses from, the youth thugswho are destroying our schools and neighborhoods. (590) These boys will be punished, as they should be, but their judge has an opportunity to change their lives forever. If

The Role of the Psychologist in Family Law Custody Battles

The Role of the Psychologist in Family Law Custody Battles Free Online Research Papers With divorce rates ever rising in Canada issues surrounding parenting after divorce are becoming more and more prevalent. As it stands 31% of marriages in Canada are ending in divorce. Of the 31% of marriages that end in divorce an even smaller portion end up in litigation. (Schuller Ogloff, 2002, p. 393) As a legal assistant in a family law office I see many of the most complex family custody disputes and many instances where the Court appoints a Psychologist to assist in the Judge’s decision. Does having an expert third party involved in custody and access decisions offer the Judge a different perspective or simply reinforce what he or she already knows? Review of research on the Psychologist’s role in custody and access disputes demonstrates that the Psychologist does play an integral part in assisting families caught in litigation in forming a parenting plan that is in the best interest of the child or children of the marriage (Covell, 1999; Emery, Laumann-Billings, Waldron, Sbarra Dillon, 2001; Sorenson, Golman, Sheeber, Albanese, Ward, Williamson, McDanal, 1997). The use of a third party expert in litigation is not a new concept and should be more widely used when it comes to family law. Research indicates there to be greater satisfaction in families that go through litigation compared to those who go through mediation and greater satisfaction yet when families have an independent third party to assist in developing a parenting regime (Covell, 1999; Emery et al., 2001; Sorenson et al., 1997). Summary of Research The Law When examining family law matters we must understand the law as set out in the Family Law Act which came into effect on October 1, 2005 (Alberta Court Family Justice, 2005). The Family Law Act is intended to focus on the needs of child or children of the relationship and to put those needs first, it is also intended to streamline the Court process by encouraging the resolution of issues through mediation (Alberta Court Family Justice, 2005). Under the Family Law Act the word â€Å"parenting† has replaced the words â€Å"custody and access,† this is intended to reflect that parenting is still the responsibility of both parents regardless of the breakdown of their relationship. Parents are to continue to share guardianship of their child or children after their separation until they agree on a parenting plan or the Court orders otherwise. The Court reserves the right to intervene where necessary and appropriate (Alberta Court Family Justice, 2005). Practice Note 7 allows for the Alberta Courts to appoint a Psychologist to a family law case for either an Assessment or Intervention. The Psychologist is referred to as an independent parenting expert and is appointed when in family matters there is no resolution possible and the Court needs an objective professional opinion to assist in looking out for the best interests of the child or children involved, the Court may also appoint an independent parenting expert to expedite and facilitate a resolution of specific issues that are better resolved in a non-adversarial fashion (Alberta Court Family Justice, 2005). When an Assessment is used in matters of child custody the independent parenting expert will examine both parent and child and provide his recommendations with respect to which parenting arrangement is in the best interest of each child. The expert will take into consideration the results of psychological testing, the mental health of the individuals being examined as well as any issues identified by the Courts as set out in the Assessment Order. The parenting expert may provide his or her input into the parameters of the Assessment and whether or not an Intervention may be more appropriate (Alberta Court Family Justice, 2005). Similar to an Assessment, for an Intervention an independent parenting expert will usually make his recommendation to the Court as to what he feels is appropriate for that particular case. There are several forms of Intervention, which include, but are not limited to, counseling, therapy, educational sessions such as Parenting After Separation, evaluation and recommendations. The expert may determine a parenting plan that is agreeable to all parties involved or he may terminate the Intervention if he feels it is not going to be useful (Alberta Court Family Justice, 2005). Research Covell (1999) argues that the existing system used in custody decisions is not really in the best interest of the child. In examining the current Canadian system she examines both cases with Psychologists involved and cases without. Covell indicates that the child’s best interests are best represented when a Parenting Plan is put to use. The underlying assumptions associated with having a Parenting Plan approach are as follows: parents enter the divorce process with little understanding of the impact it will have on themselves as well as their children; parents become self-absorbed during the divorce process and forget the best interests of their children; there will be future conflict between the parents; and that it is in the best interest of the child to have both parents involved in the parenting process. The assumptions as set out above are true to most custody cases and therefore a Parenting Plan tends to offer a long-term solution to custody arrangements, which in turn more often offers greater stability to the child or children involved. Emery et al. (2001) examines follow-up data obtained twelve years after either mediation or litigation in custody disputes. In this study litigation was not broken down into cases in which a Psychologist was involved and cases in which one was not. Mediation was provided through a court appointed mediator, not a Psychologist. In contrasting litigation to mediation Emery et al. found similar to Covell that those who went through litigation were able to stick to a parenting plan over a greater period of time offering more stability to the child or children of the relationship. Those who went through litigation found that there was more satisfaction amongst each parent resulting in less post-decision conflict. Sorenson et al. (1997) examines a study of sixty families involved in contested custody cases in the State of Florida. Of the sixty families studied the most common custody arrangement involved granting one parent primary residency. They found that there was almost equal distribution of judges granting primary residency mothers and fathers; however, judges were more likely to grant primary residency to fathers when a Psychologist was involved. Without the involvement of a Psychologist it was noted that the judge would most often go with the State’s presumption of shared custody based on the child’s interests. Overall the research supports and emphasizes that there is greater satisfaction with the use of the expert testimony from a Psychologist in assisting the Courts in custody decisions. Faust and Ziskin (1988) are skeptics when it comes to forensic psychology and its relevance in law. They claim that the instability of method and theory inhibits the accumulation of scientific knowledge. Faust and Ziskin offer several arguments against the use of expert testimonies in the courtroom. Studies they reviewed show that clinicians’ error rate exceeded their accuracy rate. Also in research reviewed clinicians generally are not experienced in the forensic role because they are more familiar with the role of helping patients. Faust and Ziskin feel that the clinician’s tendency to empathize with people will cloud the Court’s decision. Lastly, they believe that clinicians tend to overvalue supportive evidence and undervalue counterevidence, which leads to the presumption of abnormality when it might not be there. Overall, Faust and Ziskin believe that the expert’s testimony will reflect personal biases and can mislead the Courts. Analysis and Critique The research cited above is a small portion of the research that exists in the area of forensic psychology specifically family law. While Covell, Emery et al. and Sorenson et al. investigate the Psychologist’s role in custody decisions based on the satisfaction of the parties involved after the litigation process, Faust and Ziskin examine the process itself looking at the clinician’s role as opposed to the outcome. Both methods of research although different have a consistent theme. It seems that bias exists throughout the legal system and when one adds an expert third party it adds the possibility of greater bias. When comparing the research of Covell, Emery et al. and Sorenson et al. it is evident that structure increases satisfaction as well a stability in the outcome of custody cases. Covell offered mainly suggestion of the best approach to psychology in family law stemming from her research of the child’s best interest that in some regards is a bit of a stretch from the data used. Emery et al. and Sorenson et al. relied on surveys from longitudinal studies post-custody decision, the groups were between thirty-five and sixty all randomly selected which reduces researcher bias but increases variables. Suggestions for Future Research With the amount of variables that exist in family law it would be ideal to have a study longitudinally examining families who have gone through the litigation process for custody arrangements comparing the outcomes of cases using a Psychologist and those that do not. The families would need to be of similar socioeconomic status, have the same number of children and have parents who reside in the same city. Also, for consistency, it could be useful to ensure that families studied have similar family structure post-divorce i.e. having step-parents/siblings etc. A longitudinal study allows us to understand what truly works and what does not in terms of child custody arrangements over a long period of time. Although somewhat unrealistic, it would all be interesting and informative to do a comparison of a Judge’s decision for custody in comparison to a Psychologist’s recommendations when given the same case and track the discrepancies between the two using several cases and several Judges and Psychologists in the same area. This would allow not only for the Psychologists and Judges to be compared but it would give insight into the discrepancies that exist within each profession. Opinion When reaching a custody agreement between parents is impossible litigation is the best option. Litigation offers a structured environment to resolve family law conflict. In a litigated case, when there are expressed concerns about emotional or psychological problems that adversely effect parenting abilities or the childrens emotional well-being, or when the parties’ conflicts have become such that their hostility impedes any progress towards settlement, the services of a psychologist will be called upon by the Court to assist the decision-making process. The goal of the Court appointed Psychologist is to provide recommendations and input that can provide a basis for informed settlement discussions on residency and parenting plans that meet the individual needs of the family involved in the litigation. The structure of the Family Law Act incorporating Practice Note 7 creates a system where there is less inter-parental conflict and likely to be more meaningful involvement of both parents in the child’s life through an agreed to Court Ordered parenting plan. Through litigation using a psychologist it results in less re-litigation and therefore less disruption to the child’s well being (Covell, 1999). Conclusion Although it is difficult to track and research the role of the Psychologist in family law custody matters the research reviewed in this paper indicates that there is little negative to come from having an expert independant third party assist the Courts decision. Faust and Ziskin (1988) do identify that each party brings their own biases into the puzzle but the other research examined herein acknowledges the same and concludes that despite the potential bias, greater good comes from the Psychologists involvement. Whether a Psychologist appointed by the Court uses an intervention or assessment style to report to the Court he provides support to both the parents and child or children involved in what can be a very emotional experience. In addition to providing support to the family the Psychologist can assist both the parents and the Court to identify the best interests of the child which is the focus of the Family Law Act. References Alberta Court Family Justice. (2005). Alberta’s family law act: an overview. Retrieved November 11, 2006, from albertacourts.ab.ca/cs/familyjustice/ FLA Overview.pdf Covell, K. (1999). Promoting parenting plans: a new role for the psychologist as expert in custody disputes. Expert Evidence 7,113-126. Emery, R., Laumann-Billings, L., Waldron, M., Sbarra, D., and Dillon, P. (2001). Child custody mediation and litgation: custody, contact and coparenting 12 years after initial dispute resolution. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,69 (2), 323-332 Faust, D., Ziskin, J. (1988). The expert witness in psychology and psychiatry. Science, 241, 31-35. Schuller, R., Ogloff, J. (Eds). (2002). Introduction to psychology and the law Canadian perspectives. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Sorenson, E., Golman, J., Sheeber, L., Albanese, I., Ward, M., Williamson, L and McDanal, C. (1997). Judges reliance on psychological, sociological and legal variables in contested custody decisions. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage 27(1/2), 1-25. Research Papers on The Role of the Psychologist in Family Law Custody BattlesThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThree Concepts of PsychodynamicQuebec and CanadaComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoStandardized Testing19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and

Government 1 Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Government 1 - Dissertation Example In addition, the institution of compulsory voting might lead to the further growth of bureaucratic state machine, as the new governmental organs to supervise the voting behavior of the citizens would be necessary. In my opinion, the absentee voters in the USA seem to believe that the existing political system is fundamentally divorced from the real needs of the people, and the introduction of compulsory voting, far from changing this attitude per se, would merely reinforce it. 2. The cultural assimilation of the immigrant population is the major theme in modern political discourse in the developed countries. The institutional arrangements for the immigrant assimilation in many of these nations include the provisions for the study of official language by newly arrived immigrants, the establishment of citizenship tests for the applicants for the national citizenship, and the various methods of passive assimilation through the lack of support for minority cultural practices.

M2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

M2 - Assignment Example The different categories of biological pose specific threat to human health and our general well-being. In this error of increased terrorism threats, terrorists have realized the potential threat posed biological agents and have exploited these agents to carry-out their terrorism attacks in the form of biological weapons. Counterterrorist agents therefore need to identify the various biological agents and the various ways in which they can be exploited to harm innocent people. In addition, it is important to understand how the various biological agents affect our systems and the best way to minimize their impact on our body systems. Chemical agents exert an effect upon human health in varying ways and are classified according to their effects on the body system. Environmental chemical agents are classified based on their effect on the body system. The society and public health professionals need to understand the various chemical agents that pose significant threat to the well-being of people in order to device the means of countering and minimizing their effect. The various categories of chemical agents include carcinogenic or mutagenic agents and toxic agents (Koppe et al., 2006). All chemicals with potential adverse effects can be categorized into either the toxic or carcinogenic agents. Physical agents on the other hand include environmental materials which facilitate the human contact to disease agents or affect the body system indirectly. Such materials are categorized as irritants, radiations, vibrations and noise (Koppe et al., 2006). Energy in the form of harmful radiations forms part of the physical agents that may adversely affect the human system. Dust and other micromolecules also have the potential to affect the human system inform of human system

Follow prompt 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Follow prompt 3 - Essay Example In the liberation era, there was marked participation of women in the collective labor, contributing to the surplus production that helped the socialist state industrialize. Nonetheless, this period was also characterized by constrained continuation of patriarchal structure that stipulated the type and value of women labor (Hairong 580). At the juncture, women liberation was realized through the participation of women in labor as opposed to the arduous housework they undertook during the earlier days, but gendered division of labor remained intact. Nonetheless, Women’s voices were vociferous in the debates on new modernization policies, as women liberation was related to the defense of the nation (Rofel 43). The women in the later cohort were however more concerned about their personal welfare. Women in the middle cohort are those who matured during the Cultural Revolution era. This group characteristically resisted authority and managerial authority in the industrial workplace. For instance, the cohort resisted younger supervisor Xiao Ma, whereby ignoring her authority was a significant political project (Rofel 222). By refusing the authority of a woman, the cohort essentially expressed its opposition to authoritarianism throughout the society. Workers rights were valued over the labor itself. Middle aged working women defied authority through activism and had extreme attitudes during labor protests. They were opposed to their management’s focus on efficiency by refusing to produce. Their refusal to remain in positions at the shop floor indicates defiance of state power; they exposed the symbolic violence in a natural economic order that is the mainstay of power in the post-socialist modernity (Rofel 19). Therefore, this cohort was against any form of authoritarian ism in factory and in the country in general. There is a similarity in the way the women

Classroom Management Observation Essay Example for Free

Classroom Management Observation Essay Did you view the elementary or secondary video? * Elementary 1. Observation and Description A. Describe the observed classroom routines.The class starts with the children removing materials from their desk to get organized. Having the children remove all materials from their desk to organize them according to size teaches the children to have respect for their property and others. Next, the children go on a classroom tour. She also discusses the procedure for signing books in and out of the classroom library. Next, she describes the procedures for if students want to borrow materials off the teacher’s desk. The students must always ask. Then, the children go over the schedule, so they know, what to expect throughout the school day. After that, the children learn the importance of attending school on a daily basis. Next, the teacher has the students’ line up. The first time students are required to line up; the teacher explains the procedure and the reason. Then the teacher discusses signing in and out procedures for going to the office, the restroom, and the nurse station. The students must sign out, print their name on the appropriate line, and circle the place they are going, then put the time, and take a pass. The students learn that they have more freedom in the third grade than second, because they no longer have to ask to get water at the water fountain and sharpen pencils, as long as there is no one else at the water fountain, or the pencil sharpener. Finally, the students learn the procedures for getting crayons and other materials. The same rules apply as long as no one is at the crayon or material station the students can go ahead and get crayons. The students must grab a basket, grab a handful of crayons for the basket, and go quietly back to their seats. This will decrease classroom interruptions and will gain a sense of trust between the students and the teacher. B. Describe the implementation methods of routines in the ob served classroom. The teacher implements the methods of routines as she would any other subject. For example, if the teacher were teaching math, she would describe it, explain it, and then have the children practice it. In the video, the teacher described to the students how they would line up, then she explained why they would line up that way, and then she let the children practice. 2. Analysis, Exploration and Reasoning A. Predict students’ level of engagement with the observed classroom routines.The students level of engagement is high the children are enthusiastic about learning what the teacher expects of them. Later in the school year, I predict that the student will have the same level of engagement as from the first day of school. The children will know what the teacher expect of them, regarding routines and procedures. The routines and procedures will become more of a habit. B. Analyze a possible purpose for the observed classroom routine. The purpose for the children removing all items from their desk and organizing them according to size is so that the children will know where all books and materials are at all times. This will decrease the amount of classroom disruptions, because the children will not have to go back and forth to their book bags and other areas of the classroom to get materials. The materials are in an organized area in the desk. 3. Connections to other teaching practices A. Explain the purpose of the observed classroom routines as they relate to the learning environment.The purpose of having the children take a classroom tour is to familiarize themselves with centers and materials so the children will know exactly where to go when they need certain things, which will cause less classroom disruptions. The observed routines relates to an improved learning environment for the classroomThe purpose for removing materials from their desk to get organized is to teach students to have respect for their pro perty, themselves, and others. Having respect for their property and others improves the learning environment because each student will strive to act in a respectable manner by having respect for themselves and their surroundings, which in turn, will decrease the amount of classroom disruptions. Next, the children go on a classroom tour. She also discusses the procedure for signing books in and out of the classroom library. Having the students sign books in and out of the classroom library teaches students the importance of returning items back to their correct placement, which relates to improving the learning environment because keeping items neat, organized in their correct placement is essential for a learning environment to thrive. Next, she describes the procedures for if students want to borrow materials off the teacher’s desk. The students must always ask. This teaches the student to never take anything without asking and again to have respect for their property and others, which in turn improves th e learning environment, if everyone ask before taking something of someone else. Next, the teacher has the students’ line up. The first time students are required to line up; the teacher explains the procedure and the reason. The teacher has the student to quie line up quietly, by size to see and account for all students as the students walk through the hall. This improves the learning environment because the teacher is responsible for the whereabouts of all students so seeing each child is important to have a successful learning environment. The students must remain quiet as they walk through the hall so they will not disturb other students. Then the teacher discusses signing in and out procedures for going to the office, the restroom, and the nurse station. Having the students sign in and out teaches how important it is to let the teacher know their whereabouts. This also teaches responsibility. It is crucial for the teacher to know the whereabouts of all students in their class at all times, having the students sign in and out keeps track of all whereabouts and the time, which improves the learning environment. The students learn that they have more freedom in the third grade than second, because they no longer have to ask to get water at the water fountain and sharpen pencils, as long as there is no one else at the water fountain, or the pencil sharpener. This creates a sense of trust between the students and the teacher, which improves behavior because the students will not want to abuse the trust. Gaining trust improves behaviors, and good behaviors improve the learning environment and give students an abundance of opportunities to learn. Finally, the students learn the procedures for getting crayons and other materials. The same rules apply as long as no one is at the crayon or material station the students can go ahead and get crayons. The students must grab a basket, grab a handful of crayons for the basket, and go quietly back to their seats. This will decrease classroom interruptions and will gain a sense of trust between the students and the teacher, which improves the learning environment. Students’ transitions many times throughout out the day, from entering school, to going to breakfast, to leaving the lunchroom, to entering class. Transitions between activities can be challenging and stressful for students, but with organization and key expectations, teachers will eliminate a lot of chaos during these transitions. K–8 Situations 1. Beginning of the day: Class is starting A. enter classroom, the children will find seat B. empty book bag, organize desk C. hangs up book bag, sit quietly wait for instructions to begin tasks 2. End of the day: Going home A. get book bag off hanger place books needed for homework in book bag B. clean up desk and area around desk C. Sit and remain quietly until the teacher calls your way of transportation 3. Transition between activities: Moving to centers A. At the signal (dims the lights) the students to end activity; students begin putting materials away for the current assignment. B. Students clean up and take out materials from next assignment C. when the teacher turns back on the light, students must be in their seat quietly ready to begin next activity. 4. Distribution of materials: Getting crayons off shelf A. makes sure no one is at crayon station B. WALK over to the crayon station, grab a basket, and take a handful of crayons C. return quietly to your desk 5. Field trip: unloading the bus A. get off the bus on the field trip, make sure you are with your partner B. listens to ALL directions C. stay in designated groups 6. Recess: Going to the gym A. Line up quietly for recess B. Walk quietly down the hall to gym or designated area for the day C. Listen for directions for activities for the day 7. Fire or disaster drills: exiting the building in the event of fire A. When the alarm sounds, the students will quickly line up in front of the door B. Listen for the teacher to call your row C. Walk quickly and quietly a line, listen for directions from your teacher What teachers do at the beginning of the school year to organize their rooms and establish a management system influences what happens throughout the rest of the year. Routines are the stamina of daily classroom life. The routines above are vital in order for your class to run smoothly. In the beginning of the day, when class is starting it is important for the children to enter class find their seat, empty book bags and organize their desk quietly so that the teacher can take attendance and notate how many children attended the class that day. At the end of the day, when the children are going home, it is important for the students to get book bag off hanger place books needed for homework in book bag, clean up desk and area around desk, sit, and remain quietly until the teacher calls your way of transportation. This is important so that all students to get home safely on the appropriate way of transportation. When transitioning between activities such as moving to centers, it is appropriate for student to end the current activity quickly to get started with the next. Time management is important throughout the school day since all activities are time-sensitive. When a student needs, materials such as crayons it is appropriate for the students to wait until the teacher call their row before proceeding to the material station. If a student needs crayons individually, then it’s important that the student make sure there is no one else at the station before he or she proceeds to get crayons. By waiting for the teacher to call your row or by making sure no one else is at the crayon station this will ensure the ease of all students getting material because this routine controls traffic flow in the classroom and will decrease classroom disruption. When the children go on a field trip and have to unload the bus it is appropriate for the students to follow all the routines so that the teacher and parent helpers can make sure all students are accounted for and no one is lost. When the children have recess and go to the gym it is appropriate that all students remain quietly and walk in a straight line so hallway traffic is controlled. The children should also remain quiet so they do not disturb other classrooms. Finally, in the event of a fire, it is appropriate that when the alarm sounds, the students will quickly line up in front of the door, listen for the teacher to call your row, walk quickly and quietly a line, listen for directions from your teacher. This will ensure the safety of all teachers and students.

Ted Talk Script Technology Repercussions in Youth

Ted Talk Script Technology Repercussions in Youth Is this ipad a piece of technology or this scissor? Now probably you are thinking for sure the ipad is no doubt and scissors are just a tool. But let me tell you, you are actually wrong; both of these materials are categorized as technology. Now let me introduce you to what technology really is, by telling you a brief meaning so, what is Technology? Technology is a material that has various forms which helps a person performs a task on a daily basis. In todays world Technology is necessary in every aspect of live as it has changed and evolved the very world we live in. Technology has impacted youth of the 21st century as well as the adults, who are going through the era of simplicity into robotic evolution. But todays Ted Talk will mainly focus on the effects of technology on mainly youth. But many benefits of technology have been seen as years have passed, for example discoveries in all mechanical industries, efficiency of business work, advancements in medical care and many more. Side effects that is evident when you here technology,ÂÂ   deficiency in child thinking and social skills , privacy is at risk , climate change and the most worrying is the laziness in humans. Technology has never been so improved and developed in the history of humanity since the invention of the first wheel to now the era of virtual reality. I personally believe that technology, being used by anyone is not harmful at all but it does not affect a person until someone misuses it for their own sake or benefit. In todays world the youth run the technology and technology is its main target, the relationship between them is vice versa and none of them can stay without each other, note that I am not talking about a person but rather about a no living thing but now in this era these technological things are given more importance than actual living human beings. This technology indeed causes youth of today to like tech in the form of phones but also it causes harmful effects that stay with the youth throughout their lives. For example, depression and extreme isolation is evident in most of todays youth, this happens due to the lack of contact with people in their real lives other than virtual friends on Facebook. This happens often in institutions like social gatherings and when there is a pause or silence or you might feel awkward , in order to cope with it taking out your phone and using it without a purpose make us youth feel better than talking to a person right in front. Isolation then leads to Depression which then shows us that we lack human contact which includes physical exercise. Not exercising and staying home all day also adds obesity within you. This moreover relates to the reason why this happens and so its because youth utilizing their time in video games, taking to friends online and mostly watching YouTube videos most of the ir day rather than studying or using their time effectively in other things which I think is known as studying. Face to face interaction between people has been reduced, resulting absence of social skills, which are needed in our daily lives. Through the media, for likely Hollywood movies we have seen how children get bullied in school by kids are more tougher than them but this still exists but bullying has taken another form in todays time , instead kids get bullied more likely through social media now. This is just simple as a kid posting a picture on instagram and then waiting for instant likes but less that he know instead of likes he gets bombarded my comments my his friends that how ugly he or she looks. This internal depression and pain within a kids mind affects them mentally which remains with them during their life span, just like a pavement, a part of like taking away apart life. Kids who get involved in the act of bullying other kids , this happens since these bullies are more like to say things online on Facebook or twitter or other social media applications rather in person , face to face but they do not have guts bully in real life. Eventually, increase in cyber-bullying leads to teen suicides and parents get hurt and eventually wanting to know the reason why this happened. But now we all know reasons behind this? Dont we? I can just not stop talking about the negative effects of technology as they are reoccurring in my mind while I am trying to pursue you to lessen down the amount of time you send on technology. Now I am going to tell you some information that you might not really pay attention while your parents are telling you! I will take my parents as an example and display it to you guys and assume that all parents tell this to their kids. So what Parents say is basically, dont use headphones while sleeping or overusing and listening to music a lot during the day at constant pace but guess what? It causes loss of hearing over time. Just like the previous outcome looking at a phone or any display can affect people and mostly likely children to have vision loss resulting optical glasses much earlier in life. For example, I am assuming you have a younger sibling who wears glasses and he plays games on the ipad right in front of his eyes as close as he could be to the screen. But your parents are shouting at him, telling him stop playing it to close to your eyes, as your sibling is ruining his precious eyes or this might be you too. While you would like to have much longer conversations with Siri then real friends and people, it shows how much you love your phone and you have created this person in your life that displays family to you. Force yourself to have a relaxing electronic free day where you appreciate the surroundings near your which will help calm all your stress down from these worldly things. The article in Psychology Today says that, the use of technology can alter the actual wiring of the brain. More than a third of children under the age of two use mobile media. That number only increases as children age, with 95% of teens 12-17 spending time online. The article, explains this as video games form the brain in a way that leads to a diminishing memory and distraction. Children who use search engine to find information might be good at finding it but not at remembering. Also children who use too much of technology may not use their imagination to deeply analyze the information or material. Another study on two groups of sixth graders found that kids who had no access to electronic devices for five days were better at picking up on emotions and nonverbal cues of photos of faces than the group that used their devices during that time. Also this relates to how, Pediatricians say that severe obesity is increasing among young people which clearly reflects the type of foods kids eat also as we use more technology, we exercise little. Now, let me give you an advice, go for a vacation, do not take your phone despite all those important pictures you have to upload then actually enjoying the real sensation of the actual place. Creating an absolute balance in your life will help you appreciate the people around you as well as the technology you use but rather becoming a senseless zombie that you often kill in the games. Lastly, I am not saying that you by using technology are a bad person, but what I am trying to convey is that technology is now getting advance day by day, you being dependent on it could ruin your live in a way that you would not even imagine. By advance technology I mean, how you see in movies that the artificial intelligent robots designed by humans, attack humans and then take over the world by causing a terrifying robotic apocalypse. So consider this question, What if you were the one who invented this weapon of mass destruction and caused us, humans to extinct? Works Cited Walsh, Kelly. Awesome Free Ed Tech Resources EBook! Emerging Education Technologies RSS. 20 June 2012. Web. 15 January. 2017. The Four Negative Sides of Technology. The Four Negative Sides of Technology | Edudemic. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Jan. 2017.

El Nino and its Impact on Coral Reefs :: Geology

El Nino and its Impact on Coral Reefs Introduction When individuals think of El Nino, they think of heavy wind, heavy rain, and the hot and cold temperatures in the wrong seasons. However, El Nino impacts are more than on humans and their surroundings. El Nino impacts the sea as well. The changes El Nino brings to our weather brings changes to ocean temperature. Changes in the ocean impact all forms of life in the ocean. It brings changes to fishes (affecting migration patterns), changes to aquatic vegetation growth, changes in the rest of the food chain , and most importantly changes (even death) to coral reefs. Coral reefs are more than collectable items, but they are a source of food, shelter and protection for most fishes and other forms of life in the ocean. During El Nino, coral reefs are damaged by the change of temperature. This leaves fishes homeless and in danger. What is El Nino El Nino is a disruption of the ocean off the coast of South America. El Nino starts when all the cold water on the bottom of the ocean does not come up to the surface because the trade winds blow differently during El Nino years. Instead, the warm water stays on top and becomes overheated. Then the water warms the jet streams, as well as sending more moisture into the air. El Nino has many important consequences for all the weather around the globe. For example, Illinois might be warm during its winter, and Brazil might be cold during its summer. Rainfall follows the warm water eastward. This is associated with flooding in Peru and droughts occurring in Australia. This kind of weather change is caused by El Nino. An El Nino may occur every three to seven years . It begins with a change in the trade winds. El Nino can last from a few months up to two years . It can be predicted a year before it happens. The warming of the ocean water begins in the Pacific and moves towards the coas t of South America. During a period of time that may last a year. A full blown El Nino starts in early December. El Nino effects continue for many months. (El Nino Theme Page, 1996). History No one knows exactly when the El Nino occurred, but ice core records from the Andes in Peru suggest these climate fluctuations have been part of Earth's weather cycle for El Nino and its Impact on Coral Reefs :: Geology El Nino and its Impact on Coral Reefs Introduction When individuals think of El Nino, they think of heavy wind, heavy rain, and the hot and cold temperatures in the wrong seasons. However, El Nino impacts are more than on humans and their surroundings. El Nino impacts the sea as well. The changes El Nino brings to our weather brings changes to ocean temperature. Changes in the ocean impact all forms of life in the ocean. It brings changes to fishes (affecting migration patterns), changes to aquatic vegetation growth, changes in the rest of the food chain , and most importantly changes (even death) to coral reefs. Coral reefs are more than collectable items, but they are a source of food, shelter and protection for most fishes and other forms of life in the ocean. During El Nino, coral reefs are damaged by the change of temperature. This leaves fishes homeless and in danger. What is El Nino El Nino is a disruption of the ocean off the coast of South America. El Nino starts when all the cold water on the bottom of the ocean does not come up to the surface because the trade winds blow differently during El Nino years. Instead, the warm water stays on top and becomes overheated. Then the water warms the jet streams, as well as sending more moisture into the air. El Nino has many important consequences for all the weather around the globe. For example, Illinois might be warm during its winter, and Brazil might be cold during its summer. Rainfall follows the warm water eastward. This is associated with flooding in Peru and droughts occurring in Australia. This kind of weather change is caused by El Nino. An El Nino may occur every three to seven years . It begins with a change in the trade winds. El Nino can last from a few months up to two years . It can be predicted a year before it happens. The warming of the ocean water begins in the Pacific and moves towards the coas t of South America. During a period of time that may last a year. A full blown El Nino starts in early December. El Nino effects continue for many months. (El Nino Theme Page, 1996). History No one knows exactly when the El Nino occurred, but ice core records from the Andes in Peru suggest these climate fluctuations have been part of Earth's weather cycle for

Legal and Ethical Aspects of Electronic Monitoring and Surveillance of Employees”

mANAGEMENT 350: hUMAN RESOURCE mANAGEMENT| â€Å"Legal and Ethical Aspects of Electronic Monitoring and Surveillance of Employees†| | By: Chakana Moore, Patricia Davis, Eric Luken, Michelle Dailey, Jeffrey Webb| | 11/21/2011 Electronic Monitoring and Surveillance Human Resource Management Research Project November 21, 2011 Legal and Ethical Aspects of Electronic Monitoring and Surveillance of Employees Introduction Workplace monitoring has been a point of discussion within businesses as Human Resource Management feels that there is a need to watch their employees and how they conduct themselves at all times during the work day. Unless a government employee, employees are subject to any monitoring the employer deems necessary. Monitoring of e-mail and voicemail, as well as personal searches is within the rights of employers. Conducting video surveillance and tracking internet use are also rights of employers. There are legal as well as ethical aspects of employee monitoring which will be discussed in this paper. Specifically, we’ll expound on two specific organization examples that illustrate the growth of workplace monitoring. Next, issues and challenges of employee monitoring will be discussed. Lastly, sound recommendations based on our research will be given because it affects the people within the organization. It’s vital for workers to understand why monitoring is important and managers to respect and understand that employees have rights as well. Company/Organizational Examples Many companies utilize monitoring and surveillance. They have to learn to balance employer and employee rights. Businesses have the right to ensure that the employees are performing their jobs properly in a secure environment. On the other side, employees feel they should be protected at work and away from work. Since technology allows for employees to take large sums of valuable company secrets or data with them, workplace monitoring has increased. Common workplace monitoring includes e-mail and voice mail, internet use, and surveillance at work. Workplace monitoring has grown because of several forces. First force was the expansion in available technology, ranging from the internet to global tracking devices, which enhanced video capabilities and improved information systems software. Another force mentioned in our textbook is the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, which led to the passing of USA Patriot Act. Robert L. Mathis, John H. Jackson 502) This Act allowed government investigators to engage in broader monitoring of individuals, including workplace, in order to protect national security. One concern raised in the workplace is the privacy rights of employees. Employees can feel they are being threatened because of the monitoring. â€Å"Right to privacy† is an individualà ¢â‚¬â„¢s freedom from unauthorized and unreasonable intrusion into personal affairs. However, constitutional rights to privacy are generally inferred through the U. S. Constitution’s Fourth Amendment’s rights which usually apply only to state actions. (Kopp) In an employment context, state actions are fairly narrowed to protecting federal, state, and municipal employees; private-sector employees must look elsewhere for protection. A possible source for such protection from employer snooping includes federal legislation and state common law tort actions such as invasion of privacy. The primary piece of federal legislation suggesting employee privacy interest is Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA). McCubbins) There are three exceptions under the ECPA. The first one is the â€Å"provider exception† which says if the employer is providing the telephone, e-mail, or internet services to the employee being monitored, there is little doubt that the employer is protected from employee privacy claims. A second exception is the â€Å"ordinary course of business. † Under this exception, the employee can monitor employee com munications to ensure legitimate business objectives as assuring quality control, preventing sexual harassment, and preventing use of excessive telephone or email usage. Last exception is the â€Å"consent†. â€Å"Consent† exception applies to even when the sender of the intercepted communication has been assured that all email communications would remain confidential and privileged. In Smyth v The Pillsbury Company, Smyth sent emails to his supervisor that contained unprofessional comments from his home computer. Because his supervisor gave consent to the company to intercept the emails and the emails were later retrieved by the courts, Smyth was terminated and was not able to be protected under the consent exception. A second commonplace monitoring method used by employers is internet tracking. Internet tracking can be used to visit non-work websites like Facebook and Yahoo accounts. Statistics show over 90% of employees admits to visiting other websites doing work hours. About 76% of firms monitor internet use. This can help companies prevent employees from going to inappropriate sites which could possibly create legal issues. For instance, a New Jersey case contained a log that showed one employee accessing porn websites. This activity caused an employee to be arrested due to repeatedly logging on that site when told by his supervisor to stop. Also, this type of activity draws attention to companies and causes law enforcement to get involved and companies can be charged with aiding and abetting legal behavior if found with evidence. A third form of employee monitoring is the use of video surveillance at work. Video surveillance can create a lot of issues in the workplace. Businesses use them on retail floors and in production areas, parts and inventory rooms, and lobbies. According to the annual survey, Workplace Monitoring and Surveillance Survey 2001 conducted by the American Management Association, more than three-quarters of all major U. S. firms are recording and/or reviewing the e-mail messages and telephone calls. Also, surveillance can be used to monitor software in the workplace. One surveillance capability of software monitoring can include workplace software that runs on monitored computers is hidden and difficult for an employee to find or the software could be present and monitoring their every keystrokes. Monitoring software cannot be terminated without the network administrator’s permission. Major issues/challenges Video surveillance is a great way for managers to ensure that their employees are behaving ethically. All managers want to make sure that their company’s time and money are being spent in the right way. Video surveillance will show what is going on within the company, but with the installation of video cameras some problems are likely to arise. Some of the top problems we found will be discussed over the next three paragraphs. The first problem that may arise is deception. This occurs when the company installs video camera for the first time and they don’t inform the employees. If the employer lies about the locations of the camera, this can be considered a form of deception and can open up the possibility for a lawsuit to take place. The employer must be completely honest with their workers in order for the camera to be of good use. With the evolution of technology there are different ways to ensure the company’s time is being used the right way and with doing that, employers must tell the employees that they will be videotaped while at work. There have been lawsuits surrounding uninformed employees and the courts have ruled in favor of the employee. Violation of confidentiality occurs when the company distributes information of an employee. This can happen in different ways such as the company giving out information to someone who doesn’t have the right to have it; for example, distributing video tapes of employees in a theft apprehend interview or job interview. With the installation of video surveillance there will be varying reactions. Only authorized management staff should watch the tapes and not distribute the tapes to unauthorized users. The biggest problem that companies can face from installation of video surveillance is invasion of privacy. This can happen when businesses install video surveillance in employee bathrooms or any other inappropriate place an employee will dwell. It’s reasonable that companies want to do what they can to prevent employees from stealing from the company whether that is merchandise or time. It’s also reasonable that companies want to prevent any conflict that can arise during work. Through the installation of video surveillance, problems can be prevented due to the video surveillance serving as evidence of any unethical behavior. Recommendation/Implementation Based on our research, it is highly recommended that organizations have a structured surveillance and electronic monitoring system within the workplace. Having an accurate system in place will most likely have a positive impact on the people that work within the organization. Also, it will protect the company from unmerited/unwanted lawsuits. Surveillance systems within the workplace show that employers are taking the initiative to make their employees feel safe. Employers utilize surveillance systems to ensure employee security by placing them externally within the outside parameter of the business including parking lots, street corners, garages, and poorly lit areas. Internal cameras can help decrease workplace violence and theft within the company. If employees know they are being watched, they are less likely to cause confrontations or to steal because of the threat of being caught on tape. One negative impact that internal cameras can have on employees is it may affect employee morale because it can make employees feel like they are not trusted and that they are always being watched. However, organizations have to be careful not to violate employee privacy laws by placing video surveillance within restrooms, changing rooms, or private areas. From a legal standpoint, advances in electronic technology and telecommunication have created additional problems for human resource managers through the use of emails, internet, voice mail, and instant messaging. Monitoring all employees’ electronic usage is critical in order for the company to protect itself from lawsuits and from potentially damaging the company’s image. Having a structured system in place will significantly help a company be proactive instead of reactive in their disciplinary steps to correct or eliminate the abuse of their internal electronic systems. The employer should have scanners that are equipped with scanners that will screen for inappropriate pictures or wording and a firewall that will block inappropriate internet websites that the company does not approve of. If an employee is flagged by this scanning system, hey should be disciplined immediately according to company policy and human resource professionals should thoroughly document the incident to prevent lawsuits or in the event a lawsuit is filed they are well prepared to prove that the company was justified in their disciplinary actions they took. The correct strategic approach to electronic mo nitoring and surveillance is to have an in depth employee handbook which is an essential tool for communicating information regarding the workplace policies and disciplinary actions. The handbook should be a downward communication that flows from the top management to the rest of the organization. However, the organization should create a company culture were employees also feel comfortable with upward communication that enable managers to learn about employee concerns because several of the employee handbook violations are reported by lower level employees. Within the employee handbook, employers should have a video surveillance policy informing employees about their surveillance system, informing them that the surveillance system is only performed for legitimate business purposes, and that they strictly limit those who view the surveillance videos. Also, there should be an electronic communications policy that employees are required to sign a permission form that states, they will comply with the policy. This policy should clearly outline that electronic use is provided by the employer for business use only; the use of media for personal use is restricted and is subject to employer review; all passwords must be available to the employer; and the employer reserves the right to monitor or search any media without notice. Organizations must ensure that they are balancing employer and employee rights by using electronic monitor and surveillance systems for business purposes only. Conclusion Surveillance of employees in the work place comes down to investments and the right to be involved in almost all aspects of that investment. Involvement in one’s interest is a good thing but if used excessively, any good things can be harmful. 90 percent of works admit to the use of their computer for non-work related issues, this is an impressive stat that any intelligent business owner would not ignore. Ignoring this stat turns your back on the quality and quantity of work you are paying your employees for, not including legal issues that can be devastating to your company. Internet surveillance seems to be a much need necessity for large companies were as video surveillance is needed for almost every company. Video surveillance is only the epitome of technology and ethical monitoring. Now business has the means of protecting tangible, non-tangible, and human investments at all times. This act starts by insuring employees that they are protected and procedures are in place to keep them working along an ethical passage. This is why it is important to inform those in the work of surveillance, it discourages unwanted behavior, this does not only protean to employees but to outsiders as well. How many times have you see signs of surveillance? Some says â€Å"Smile, you are being watched,† this very smart thing to do in this day in age. Everyone would love to watch every moment of their child’s development but no one has the time and resources to do so. What if you could? What if this was your job? Sure you would try to do so with the best of your abilities, but at the same time, you would have to give them private time. So, there is a clear line between protection and Violation of Confidentiality and Invasion of Privacy Working for any company is a privilege not a right, but it is a right for privileged peopled to be protected ethically. Works Cited Kopp, k. Electronic Communications in the Workplace: E-mail Monitoring and the Right of Privacy, 8 Seaton Hall Const. L. J. 861. 1998. McCubbins, G. Daryl and Jeretta Nord/Tipton F. â€Å"E-Monitoring in the Wokplace: Prviacy, legislation, and surveillance software. † COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM. Vols. 49, No 8. August 2006. Robert L. Mathis, John H. Jackson. Human Resource Managemnet, Twelfth Edtion. Mason: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2008, 2006.